汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡遥感研究
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摘要
大光包滑坡位于四川省安县高川乡,是汶川Ms 8.0级地震触发的规模最大的巨型滑坡。本文采用震前和震后高分辨率遥感数据源,对大光包滑坡滑动前后进行了4期遥感图像对比解译和分析,结合现场调查和地面测绘,对滑坡分区、滑面形态、剪出口位置及滑坡体体积进行了初步研究。将滑坡划分为滑源区、滑坡洼地区、主滑体堆积区、下游堆积区、上游堆积区和前缘堆积区,其中,主滑坡堆积区基本保持了母岩原有结构形态,其岩层产状与基岩大体一致,未明显解体,出露长1100m,宽490m,平均厚215m,体积达4.64×109m3。对比了滑动前后的地形、地貌,以及原矿硐、矿渣、工棚等的位置变化,确定了滑坡边界、滑动方向,滑动距离达1.75km。本文建立了大光包滑坡区1:5000地面数字高程模型(DEM),获得了滑坡堆积区平面分布面积及最大堆积厚度,采用AutoCAD软件分别建立了大光包滑坡滑动前后及滑面的三维实体模型,计算出大光包滑坡最大纵长约4.3km,横宽约3.5km,最大厚度约550m,体积约为11.52～11.99×109m3,不仅是我国,也是全球近百年来发生的规模最大的滑坡之一。
The Daguangbao gigantic rockslide is located on the Gaochuan village,Anxia county.It is the hugest landslide triggered by the Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake on May 12 of 2008.This paper uses four periods of remote sensing data with high resolution before/after the earthquake and ground surveying and mapping data to analyze the basic features of the Daguangbao rockslide.The basic features include the accumulation and movement zoning,the sliding surface and exiting,and the volume.The Daguangbao gigantic rockslide is classified into sliding source,back depression,main bedrock accumulation,down-stream accumulation,up-stream accumulation and front lobe.The main bedrock accumulation remained a structure of parent layered limestone rockmass with slight separation that is 1,100m long,490m wide,215m average thick and 464millions m3 in the volume.The sliding direction and bound-ary are outlined according to the compared result before/after topography,geomorphology,and mining adit,waste ore material and sheds.The bedrock sliding distance is about 1750m.A digital elevation model with the scale of 1 to5000 before/after earthquake is established to calculate the area and the thickness of the rockslide accumulation.With the AutoCAD,a 3D entity model of the sliding surface is also established.The result shows the whole Daguang-bao gigantic rockslide is 4300m long,3500m wide and 550m thick in the maximum.The debris volume is about 1.15 ～1.2 billion m3.It is the hugest landslide not only in China,but also in the world in recent hundred years.
The Daguangbao gigantic rockslide is located on the Gaochuan village,Anxia county.It is the hugest landslide triggered by the Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake on May 12 of 2008.This paper uses four periods of remote sensing data with high resolution before/after the earthquake and ground surveying and mapping data to analyze the basic features of the Daguangbao rockslide.The basic features include the accumulation and movement zoning,the sliding surface and exiting,and the volume.The Daguangbao gigantic rockslide is classified into sliding source,back depression,main bedrock accumulation,down-stream accumulation,up-stream accumulation and front lobe.The main bedrock accumulation remained a structure of parent layered limestone rockmass with slight separation that is 1,100m long,490m wide,215m average thick and 464millions m3 in the volume.The sliding direction and bound-ary are outlined according to the compared result before/after topography,geomorphology,and mining adit,waste ore material and sheds.The bedrock sliding distance is about 1750m.A digital elevation model with the scale of 1 to5000 before/after earthquake is established to calculate the area and the thickness of the rockslide accumulation.With the AutoCAD,a 3D entity model of the sliding surface is also established.The result shows the whole Daguang-bao gigantic rockslide is 4300m long,3500m wide and 550m thick in the maximum.The debris volume is about 1.15 ～1.2 billion m3.It is the hugest landslide not only in China,but also in the world in recent hundred years.
引文
[1]Yin YP,Zheng WM,Li XC.Catastrophic landslides associated withthe M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake.Bulletin of Engineering Geologyand the Environment[J],2011,70(1):15～32.
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[3]黄润秋,裴向军,张伟锋,李世贵,李必良.再论大光包滑坡特征与形成机制[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(6):725～736.Huang Runqiu,Pei Xiangjun,Zhang Weifeng,Li Shigui,LiBiliang.Further examination on characteristics and formation mech-anism of Daguangbao landslide.Journal of Engineering Greology,2009,17(6)725～736.
[4]王治华,徐起德,徐斌,张微.5.12汶川大地震航空遥感调查[J].技术科学,2009,37(7):1304～1311.Wang Zhihua,Xu Qide,Xu Bin,Zhang Wei.Aerial remote sensingsurvey of 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake.Technology Science,2009,37(7):1304～1311.
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[2]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730～741.Huang Runqiu,Pei Xiangjun,Li Tianbin.The basic characteristicsand formation mechanism of Daguangbao large-scale landslide trig-gered by Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):730～741.
[3]黄润秋,裴向军,张伟锋,李世贵,李必良.再论大光包滑坡特征与形成机制[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(6):725～736.Huang Runqiu,Pei Xiangjun,Zhang Weifeng,Li Shigui,LiBiliang.Further examination on characteristics and formation mech-anism of Daguangbao landslide.Journal of Engineering Greology,2009,17(6)725～736.
[4]王治华,徐起德,徐斌,张微.5.12汶川大地震航空遥感调查[J].技术科学,2009,37(7):1304～1311.Wang Zhihua,Xu Qide,Xu Bin,Zhang Wei.Aerial remote sensingsurvey of 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake.Technology Science,2009,37(7):1304～1311.
[5]殷跃平.2009汶川地震地质与滑坡灾害概论[M].北京:地质出版社,70～72.Yin Yueping.Great Wenchuan Earthquake:Seismogeology andLandslide Hazards.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2009,70～72.
[6]王治华.滑坡遥感调查、监测与评估[J].国土资源遥感,2007,(1):10～15.Wang Zhihua.Landslide remote sensing survey,monitoring and evalua-tion.Remote Sending for Land and Resources,2007,(1):10～15.
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