基于地震监测应用的地表温度和长波辐射数据对比分析
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摘要
从数据本身特征及其应用2个方面对地震监测中常用的地表温度(land surface temperature,LST)和长波辐射(outgoing longwave radiation,OLR)数据进行了对比分析。利用全球数据进行的对比分析结果表明,2种数据在高纬度和中纬度地区具有空间分布上的一致性,但在赤道及低纬度地区则表现出明显差异,认为这一差异与云量分布关系密切;根据我国大陆的云量分布特点选择特征点进行LST和OLR的对比分析表明,云量大于65%的区域,二者的同步性较差,云量低于65%的区域,则同步性较好。据此,以同步性较好的青海地区和同步性较差的中南部区域为试验区,对比了2种数据的涡度计算结果。研究表明,在地震监测应用中,利用2种数据获得的地震异常信息在时、空、强特征上表现为相同或不同都是可能的,LST主要是对增温现象的反映,而OLR则侧重于对整个地-气系统异常的综合反映。
Land surface temperature( LST) and outgoing long wave radiation( OLR),which are commonly used in seismic monitoring,were compared and analyzed from their own characteristics and seismic applications. The analytical results of the global data show that LST and OLR at high latitudes and mid- latitudes have the consistency in spatial distribution,but show a significant difference in equatorial and low- latitude regions,and this difference is closely related to the global total cloud amount. The results of feature points selected according to the cloudiness distribution in China's mainland show that LST and OLR have poor synchronization in the region whose cloud amount is greater than 65% and show better synchronization in the region whose cloud amount is less than 65%. On such a basis,the authors selected Qinghai region where the synchronization is relatively good and mid- south China where the synchronization is poor as the test areas. The results achieved show that the spatial,temporal and intensity characteristics of two types of data can be either identical or different,as shown by the comparison between the two computing results using the vorticity method. LST mainly reflects the warming temperature phenomenon whereas OLR is focused on a comprehensive reflection of the whole earth- atmosphere system.
Land surface temperature( LST) and outgoing long wave radiation( OLR),which are commonly used in seismic monitoring,were compared and analyzed from their own characteristics and seismic applications. The analytical results of the global data show that LST and OLR at high latitudes and mid- latitudes have the consistency in spatial distribution,but show a significant difference in equatorial and low- latitude regions,and this difference is closely related to the global total cloud amount. The results of feature points selected according to the cloudiness distribution in China's mainland show that LST and OLR have poor synchronization in the region whose cloud amount is greater than 65% and show better synchronization in the region whose cloud amount is less than 65%. On such a basis,the authors selected Qinghai region where the synchronization is relatively good and mid- south China where the synchronization is poor as the test areas. The results achieved show that the spatial,temporal and intensity characteristics of two types of data can be either identical or different,as shown by the comparison between the two computing results using the vorticity method. LST mainly reflects the warming temperature phenomenon whereas OLR is focused on a comprehensive reflection of the whole earth- atmosphere system.
引文
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[13]Rawat V,Saraf A K,Das J,et al.Anomalous land surface temperature and outgoing long-wave radiation observations prior to earthquakes in India and Romania[J].Natural Hazards,2011,59(1):33-46.
[14]Ouzounov D,Liu D F,Chunli K,et al.Outgoing long wave radiation variability from IR satellite data prior to major earthquakes[J].Tectonophysics,2007,431(1-4):211-220.
[15]Ouzounov D,Bryant N,Logan T,et al.Satellite thermal IR phenomena associated with some of the major earthquakes in 1999–2003[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,Parts A/B/C,2006,31(4-9):154-163.
[16]吴立新,刘善军,陈云浩,等.汶川地震前卫星热红外异常与云异常现象[J].科技导报,2008,26(10):32-36.Wu L X,Liu S J,Chen Y H,et al.Satellite thermal infrared and cloud abnormities before wenchuan earthquake[J].Science and Technology Review,2008,26(10):32-36.
[17]Dey S,Sarkar S,Singh R P.Anomalous changes in column water vapor after Gujarat earthquake[J].Advances in Space Research,2004,33(3):274-278.
[18]Pulinets S A,Dunajecka M A.Specific variations of air temperature and relative humidity around the time of Michoacan earthquake M8.1 Sept 19,1985 as a possible indicator of interaction between tectonic plates[J].Tectonophysics,2007,431(1-4):221-230.
[2]刘德富,罗灼礼,彭克银.强烈地震前的OLR异常现象[J].地震,1997,17(2):126-132.Liu D F,Luo Z L,Peng K Y.OLR anomalous phenomena before strong earthquakes[J].Earthquake,1997,17(2):126-132.
[3]康春丽,刘德富,陈艳,等.长波辐射(OLR)信息预测华北地震的方法研究[J].西北地震学报,2006,28(1):59-63.Kang C L,Liu D F,Chen Y,et al.Research on earthquake prediction method in North China using outgoing-longwave-radiation information[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2006,28(1):59-63.
[4]Dey S,Singh R P.Surface latent heat flux as an earthquake precursor[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2003,3:749-755.
[5]Chen M H,Deng Z H,Ma X J.Probable surface latent heat flux anomalies before the 2010 Chile Ms 8.8 earthquake and its relationship to the variations of surface temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2011,54(7):1738-1744.
[6]刘善军,吴立新,李金平,等.台湾恒春地震前的卫星热红外异常特征及其机理[J].科技导报,2007,25(6):32-37.Liu S J,Wu L X,Li J P,et al.Features and mechanisms of the satellite thermal infrared anomaly before Hengchun earthquake in Taiwan region[J].Science&Technology Review,2007,25(6):32-37.
[7]杨青生,刘闯.MODIS数据陆面温度反演研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2004,19(2):90-94.Yang Q S,Liu C.Retrieving land surface temperature from MODIS data[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2004,19(2):90-94.
[8]George O,Arnold G,Robert E.Satellite determinations of the relationship between total longwave radiation flux and infrared window radiance[J].Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology,1984,23(3):416-425.
[9]Dobrovolsky I P,Zubkov S I,Miachkin V I.Estimation of the size of earthquake preparation zones[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1979,117(5):1025-1044.
[10]王旻燕,王伯民.ISCCP产品和我国地面观测总云量差异[J].应用气象学报,2009,20(4):411-418.Wang M Y,Wang B M.Total cloud amount difference between ISCCP product and ground observation over China[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2009,20(4):411-418.
[11]高蓉,陈少勇,董安祥.青藏高原低云量的年际变化及其稳定性[J].干旱区研究,2007,24(6):760-765.Gao R,Chen S Y,Dong A X.Study on the annual change and stability of low-cloud amount over the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau[J].Arid Zone Research,2007,24(6):760-765.
[12]Jing F,Gu X F,Shen X H.Study on outgoing longwave radiation variations associated with strong earthquake[C]//Ma X R,Yang B H,Li M.International Conference on Space Information Technology2009.Beijing:International Society for Optics and Photonics,2009:765113-765113-6.
[13]Rawat V,Saraf A K,Das J,et al.Anomalous land surface temperature and outgoing long-wave radiation observations prior to earthquakes in India and Romania[J].Natural Hazards,2011,59(1):33-46.
[14]Ouzounov D,Liu D F,Chunli K,et al.Outgoing long wave radiation variability from IR satellite data prior to major earthquakes[J].Tectonophysics,2007,431(1-4):211-220.
[15]Ouzounov D,Bryant N,Logan T,et al.Satellite thermal IR phenomena associated with some of the major earthquakes in 1999–2003[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,Parts A/B/C,2006,31(4-9):154-163.
[16]吴立新,刘善军,陈云浩,等.汶川地震前卫星热红外异常与云异常现象[J].科技导报,2008,26(10):32-36.Wu L X,Liu S J,Chen Y H,et al.Satellite thermal infrared and cloud abnormities before wenchuan earthquake[J].Science and Technology Review,2008,26(10):32-36.
[17]Dey S,Sarkar S,Singh R P.Anomalous changes in column water vapor after Gujarat earthquake[J].Advances in Space Research,2004,33(3):274-278.
[18]Pulinets S A,Dunajecka M A.Specific variations of air temperature and relative humidity around the time of Michoacan earthquake M8.1 Sept 19,1985 as a possible indicator of interaction between tectonic plates[J].Tectonophysics,2007,431(1-4):221-230.
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