中国大陆科学钻探孔区的数字三分量反射地震调查
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摘要
本文将简要介绍在大陆科学钻探孔区进行数字三分量地震勘探试验数据采集处理技术,以及取得的初步成果.鉴于结晶岩地区波场的复杂性,在剖面调查之前要先进行波场特征调查,才能确定三分量地震调查观测系统采集参数.数据处理中与水平分量处理有关的三个困难环节包括静校正、速度分析与动校叠加,必须有所创新.在大陆科学钻探工程中,三分量数字地震调查之所以放在终孔后才进行,主要是因为三分量地震解释要以钻孔资料和VSP成果为基础.如果没有岩芯物性测定资料或VSP纵横波速度计算曲线,横波速度剖面模式就难以建立,水平分量数据处理和解释就难以进行.与单分量地震调查相比,水平分量采集处理提供了转换波信息,可反映独特的很有意义的地质信息.在三分量数字地震调查X分量深度叠加剖面左半边深度2600~3400m区段出现密集的水平反射层,与Z分量反射剖面和变质岩片倾向不一致.对比主孔气体异常曲线可知,这些水平反射是地层中流体含量升高的反映.
This paper introduces the data-acquisition and processing method applied in the 3-component seismic investigation in Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site as well as some primary results of the survey. In order to obtain good converted wave signals, primary wave-field investigation is required for designing the seismic configuration parameters. There are three difficulties should be overcome in the 3-component data processing, they include statics, S-wave velocity analysis and converted-wave stacking. The reason why the 3-component survey is usually performed after completion of the drilling and VSP investigation is because the data-processing and interpretation need drilling and VSP data. For instance, without core velocity measurements or VSP interval velocity data, one can hardly establish a reliable S-wave velocity model, and complete the X-and Y-component data processing and interpretation. Comparing with common Z-component surveys, horizontal components show the converted reflectors that can provide particular and significant information related to fluids or anisotropy of deep rocks. On the left part of the X-component depth-stack profile, a special layer of dense horizontal reflectors appears at depth 2600～3400 m, which is different from P-wave reflection profile and correlated to gas anomalies of CH_4 and CO_2, implying a newly-developed fluid and fracture zone.
This paper introduces the data-acquisition and processing method applied in the 3-component seismic investigation in Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site as well as some primary results of the survey. In order to obtain good converted wave signals, primary wave-field investigation is required for designing the seismic configuration parameters. There are three difficulties should be overcome in the 3-component data processing, they include statics, S-wave velocity analysis and converted-wave stacking. The reason why the 3-component survey is usually performed after completion of the drilling and VSP investigation is because the data-processing and interpretation need drilling and VSP data. For instance, without core velocity measurements or VSP interval velocity data, one can hardly establish a reliable S-wave velocity model, and complete the X-and Y-component data processing and interpretation. Comparing with common Z-component surveys, horizontal components show the converted reflectors that can provide particular and significant information related to fluids or anisotropy of deep rocks. On the left part of the X-component depth-stack profile, a special layer of dense horizontal reflectors appears at depth 2600～3400 m, which is different from P-wave reflection profile and correlated to gas anomalies of CH_4 and CO_2, implying a newly-developed fluid and fracture zone.
引文
[1]杨文采,程振炎,张春贺.中国科学钻探选址地球物理调查与大别-苏鲁岩石圈.地球学报,2003,24(5):391~404Yang WC,Cheng Z Y,Zhang C H.Geophysical investigation for site-selection of Chinese continental scientific drilling and Dabie-Sulu lithosphere.Acta Geoscientia Sinica(in Chinese),2003,24(5):391~404
[2]杨文采,张春贺,朱光明.标定大陆科学钻探孔区地震反射体.地球物理学报,2002,45(3):370~384Yang WC,Zhang C H,Zhu G M.Calibration of seismic reflectors inferred from observations at the Chinese continental drilling area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(3):370~384
[3]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区三维地震资料的初步解释.岩石学报,2004,20(1):127~138Yang WC,Yang W Y,Cheng Z Y.Interpretation of3D seismic reflection datainthe Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Site.Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),2004,20(1):127~138
[4]Cong B,Wang Q,Zhai M,et al.UHP metamorphic rocks in the Dabie-Sulu region,China:their formation and exhumation.Island Arc,1994,3:135~150
[5]Liou J G,Maruyama S,Ernst WG.Seeing a mountainin a grain of garnet.Science,1997,27(4):48~49
[6]Ernst WG,Maruyama S,Wallis S.Buoyancy-driven,rapid exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphosed continental crust.Proc.National AcademyofSciences,1997,94:9532~9537
[7]Hacker B R,Sharp T,Zhang R Y,et al.Determiningthe origin of ultra-high pressure lherzolites.Science,1997,278(10):702~704
[8]许志琴,张泽民,刘福来等.中国大陆科学钻探主孔1200m构造柱及变形构造初步解析.岩石学报,2004,20(1):53~72Xu Z Q,Zhang Z M,Liu F L,et al.The structure profile of0~1200minthe main borehole,Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling andits preliminary deformation analysis.Acta Petrologica Sinica(inChinese),2004,20(1):53~72
[9]杨文采,胡振远,程振炎等.郯城—涟水综合地球物理剖面.地球物理学报,1999,42(2):206~217Yang WC,Hu Z Y,Cheng Z Y,et al.Long profile of geophysical investigations fromTanchento Lianshui,east-central China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(2):206~217
[10]杨文采,程振炎,陈国九等.苏鲁超高压变质带北部地球物理调查(Ⅰ)—深反射地震.地球物理学报,1999,42(1):16~27Yang WC,Cheng Z Y,Chen GJ,et al.Geophysical investigations of northern Sulu UHPMbelt(I):Deep seismic reflection.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(1):57~70
[11]杨文采,方慧,程振炎等.苏鲁超高压变质带北部地球物理调查(Ⅱ)—非地震方法.地球物理学报,1999,42(2):508~519Yang WC,Fang H,Cheng Z Y,et al.Geophysical investigations of northern Sulu UHPMbelt(Ⅱ):Non-seismic methods.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(2):508~519
[12]姜枚,王有学,宿和平.宽频地震方法技术在地震探测工作中的应用.地质学报,2003,22(7):536~539Jiang M,Wang Y X,Su H P.Wide-frequency teleseis and its application to seismic exploration.Acta Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,22(7):536~539
[13]Kern H,Jin Z,Gao S,et al.Physical properties of UHPMrocks fromthe Sulu terrain,eastern central China:implications for the seismic structure at Donghai(CCSD)drilling site.Tectonophysics,2002,354:315~330
[14]陈意,金振民,欧新功等.韧性剪切带中片麻岩和超高压榴辉岩变形特征及其与地震波速各向异性的关系.岩石学报,2004,20(1):97~108Chen Y,Jin Z M,Ou XG,et al.Deformationfeatures of gneiss and UHP eclogite from ductile shear zone and its relation with seismic velocity anisotroph:Evidences fromcore samples at depth of680~1200mof CCSD.Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),2004,20(1):97~108
[15]Yang WC.Crustal structure and development of Dabie UHPM Terrane in East-Central China.Continental Dynamics,1998,3(1~2):86~95
[16]Yang WC.Analysis of deep intracontinental subduction.Episodes,2000,23(1):20~24
[17]Yang WC.Geophysical profiling across the Sulu ultra-high-pressure metamorphic belt,Eastern China.Tectonophysics,2002,354:277~288
[18]Yang WC.Flat mantle reflectorsin eastern China:possible evidence of lithospheric thinning.Tectonophysics,2003,369(3-4):219~230
[19]杨文采,杨午阳,金振民等.苏鲁超高压变质带岩石圈地震组构.中国科学(D辑),2004,34(4):307~319Yang WC,Yang WY,Jin Z M,et al.Lithospheric seismic fabrics of Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt.Science in China(Seri.D),2005,48(5):585~600
[20]杨文采,汪集.苏鲁地区地壳岩浆底侵的地球物理判识.地质学报,2002,76(2):173~179Yang WC,Wang J Y.Geophysical evidences for crustal magmatic underplating in Sulu area.Acta Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),2002,76(2):173~179
[21]杨文采,李幼铭等编著.应用地震层析成像.北京:地质出版社,1993.1~233Yang WC,Li Y M.Applied Seismic Tomography(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1993.1~233
[22]杜剑渊,杨文采.跨孔地震层析成像的级联方法.地球物理学报,1991,34(6):771~780Du J Y,Yang W C.Cascade method of cross-hole tomography.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1991,34(6):771~780
[23]杨文采,杜剑渊.层析成像新算法及其在工程检测中的应用.地球物理学报,1994,37(2):239~245Yang WC,Du J Y.New algorithm of seismic tomography with application to engineering detections.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1994,37(2):239~245
[24]Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology Theory and Methods.W.H.Freeman and Company,1980
[25]杨文采,张春贺,黄秋平等.线形区域的主辅线反射地震调查方法.地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1325~1335Yang WC,Zhang C H,Huang QP,et al.Additional-observation seismic reflection methodfor investigation of linear areas.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(5):1325~1335
[26]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区的地震波速模型.地球物理学报,2006,49(2):477~489Yang WC,Yang WY,Chen Z Y.Seismic velocity model for the Chinese Continental Scientific Drillingsite.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):477~489
[27]杨文采,刘光林,杨锴等.中国大陆科学钻探孔区全观式三维地震采集.地球物理学报,2006,49(3):735~744Yang WC,Liu GL,Yang K,et al.All-laid-out three-dimensional seismic survey at the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(3):735~744
[29]朱光明,杨文采,杜有成等.中国大陆科学钻探孔区的垂直地震剖面调查.地球物理学报,2007.待刊Zhu G M,Yang WC,Du Y C,et al.Vertical seismic profiling at the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site.2007,in Press
[2]杨文采,张春贺,朱光明.标定大陆科学钻探孔区地震反射体.地球物理学报,2002,45(3):370~384Yang WC,Zhang C H,Zhu G M.Calibration of seismic reflectors inferred from observations at the Chinese continental drilling area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(3):370~384
[3]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区三维地震资料的初步解释.岩石学报,2004,20(1):127~138Yang WC,Yang W Y,Cheng Z Y.Interpretation of3D seismic reflection datainthe Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Site.Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),2004,20(1):127~138
[4]Cong B,Wang Q,Zhai M,et al.UHP metamorphic rocks in the Dabie-Sulu region,China:their formation and exhumation.Island Arc,1994,3:135~150
[5]Liou J G,Maruyama S,Ernst WG.Seeing a mountainin a grain of garnet.Science,1997,27(4):48~49
[6]Ernst WG,Maruyama S,Wallis S.Buoyancy-driven,rapid exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphosed continental crust.Proc.National AcademyofSciences,1997,94:9532~9537
[7]Hacker B R,Sharp T,Zhang R Y,et al.Determiningthe origin of ultra-high pressure lherzolites.Science,1997,278(10):702~704
[8]许志琴,张泽民,刘福来等.中国大陆科学钻探主孔1200m构造柱及变形构造初步解析.岩石学报,2004,20(1):53~72Xu Z Q,Zhang Z M,Liu F L,et al.The structure profile of0~1200minthe main borehole,Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling andits preliminary deformation analysis.Acta Petrologica Sinica(inChinese),2004,20(1):53~72
[9]杨文采,胡振远,程振炎等.郯城—涟水综合地球物理剖面.地球物理学报,1999,42(2):206~217Yang WC,Hu Z Y,Cheng Z Y,et al.Long profile of geophysical investigations fromTanchento Lianshui,east-central China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(2):206~217
[10]杨文采,程振炎,陈国九等.苏鲁超高压变质带北部地球物理调查(Ⅰ)—深反射地震.地球物理学报,1999,42(1):16~27Yang WC,Cheng Z Y,Chen GJ,et al.Geophysical investigations of northern Sulu UHPMbelt(I):Deep seismic reflection.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(1):57~70
[11]杨文采,方慧,程振炎等.苏鲁超高压变质带北部地球物理调查(Ⅱ)—非地震方法.地球物理学报,1999,42(2):508~519Yang WC,Fang H,Cheng Z Y,et al.Geophysical investigations of northern Sulu UHPMbelt(Ⅱ):Non-seismic methods.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(2):508~519
[12]姜枚,王有学,宿和平.宽频地震方法技术在地震探测工作中的应用.地质学报,2003,22(7):536~539Jiang M,Wang Y X,Su H P.Wide-frequency teleseis and its application to seismic exploration.Acta Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,22(7):536~539
[13]Kern H,Jin Z,Gao S,et al.Physical properties of UHPMrocks fromthe Sulu terrain,eastern central China:implications for the seismic structure at Donghai(CCSD)drilling site.Tectonophysics,2002,354:315~330
[14]陈意,金振民,欧新功等.韧性剪切带中片麻岩和超高压榴辉岩变形特征及其与地震波速各向异性的关系.岩石学报,2004,20(1):97~108Chen Y,Jin Z M,Ou XG,et al.Deformationfeatures of gneiss and UHP eclogite from ductile shear zone and its relation with seismic velocity anisotroph:Evidences fromcore samples at depth of680~1200mof CCSD.Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),2004,20(1):97~108
[15]Yang WC.Crustal structure and development of Dabie UHPM Terrane in East-Central China.Continental Dynamics,1998,3(1~2):86~95
[16]Yang WC.Analysis of deep intracontinental subduction.Episodes,2000,23(1):20~24
[17]Yang WC.Geophysical profiling across the Sulu ultra-high-pressure metamorphic belt,Eastern China.Tectonophysics,2002,354:277~288
[18]Yang WC.Flat mantle reflectorsin eastern China:possible evidence of lithospheric thinning.Tectonophysics,2003,369(3-4):219~230
[19]杨文采,杨午阳,金振民等.苏鲁超高压变质带岩石圈地震组构.中国科学(D辑),2004,34(4):307~319Yang WC,Yang WY,Jin Z M,et al.Lithospheric seismic fabrics of Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt.Science in China(Seri.D),2005,48(5):585~600
[20]杨文采,汪集.苏鲁地区地壳岩浆底侵的地球物理判识.地质学报,2002,76(2):173~179Yang WC,Wang J Y.Geophysical evidences for crustal magmatic underplating in Sulu area.Acta Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),2002,76(2):173~179
[21]杨文采,李幼铭等编著.应用地震层析成像.北京:地质出版社,1993.1~233Yang WC,Li Y M.Applied Seismic Tomography(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1993.1~233
[22]杜剑渊,杨文采.跨孔地震层析成像的级联方法.地球物理学报,1991,34(6):771~780Du J Y,Yang W C.Cascade method of cross-hole tomography.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1991,34(6):771~780
[23]杨文采,杜剑渊.层析成像新算法及其在工程检测中的应用.地球物理学报,1994,37(2):239~245Yang WC,Du J Y.New algorithm of seismic tomography with application to engineering detections.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1994,37(2):239~245
[24]Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology Theory and Methods.W.H.Freeman and Company,1980
[25]杨文采,张春贺,黄秋平等.线形区域的主辅线反射地震调查方法.地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1325~1335Yang WC,Zhang C H,Huang QP,et al.Additional-observation seismic reflection methodfor investigation of linear areas.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(5):1325~1335
[26]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区的地震波速模型.地球物理学报,2006,49(2):477~489Yang WC,Yang WY,Chen Z Y.Seismic velocity model for the Chinese Continental Scientific Drillingsite.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):477~489
[27]杨文采,刘光林,杨锴等.中国大陆科学钻探孔区全观式三维地震采集.地球物理学报,2006,49(3):735~744Yang WC,Liu GL,Yang K,et al.All-laid-out three-dimensional seismic survey at the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(3):735~744
[29]朱光明,杨文采,杜有成等.中国大陆科学钻探孔区的垂直地震剖面调查.地球物理学报,2007.待刊Zhu G M,Yang WC,Du Y C,et al.Vertical seismic profiling at the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site.2007,in Press
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