基于GIS和体视化技术的工程场地地震液化势3D可视化
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摘要
工程场地地震液化势三维模型的建立及可视化研究的目的是用三维图形来描述地震动作用下场地液化势的空间分布特性,以此为城市防震减灾工作提供相应的支持。采用具有概率意义的饱和砂土抗液化强度经验公式来对场地进行地震液化势概率评价;采用一种基于"块"模型的数据结构来描述场地液化势三维实体;结合Kriging插值法和体视化技术进行场地液化势的三维可视化建模。研究表明:采用"块"数据模型来分割模拟三维液化势场,利用Kriging法对工程场地地震液化势进行空间数据三维插值,有助于揭示勘探孔以外任意空间点的土层液化势信息;基于液化势概率评价结果和体视化技术,采用Kriging插值法,以不同的色标体现场地液化势的风险程度,可以直观的三维图像形式呈现场地液化势的空间分布特性和变化趋势,通过剖切自动生成指定位置的二维剖面和三维切割体,工程场地液化势的三维分布特性得到有效的表达。
The researches on visual 3D modeling for the earthquake-induced site liquefaction potential are to resolve the problem of simulating the potential risk of earthquake-induced site liquefaction spatially by 3D reality graphics.And it could be applied to the urban earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation.Firstly,the empirical equation of cyclic resistance ratio of saturated sands with different probability levels was utilized to evaluate the earthquake-induced site liquefaction potential.Secondly,a "block" data structure was adopted to describe the 3D liquefaction potential entity.Thirdly,visual 3D visualization modeling for the earthquake-induced site liquefaction potential could be realized based on the Kriging interpolation method and volume rendering technique.It was shown that:(1) When the 3D liquefaction potential entity was partitioned by the "block" data model,the Kriging method can be adopted to realize 3D interpolation.Therefore,the latent distribution of the site liquefaction potential beyond the observation boreholes could be evaluated.(2) Based on the probability evaluation results and volume rendering technique,the Kriging interpolation results were displayed in different color marks to indicate the risk extent of the site liquefaction potential.Thereby,the spatial distributing characteristics and variety trend of the site liquefaction potential could be displayed in 3D graphic form.And also,the 2D profile section and 3D body incision could be generated automatically.
The researches on visual 3D modeling for the earthquake-induced site liquefaction potential are to resolve the problem of simulating the potential risk of earthquake-induced site liquefaction spatially by 3D reality graphics.And it could be applied to the urban earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation.Firstly,the empirical equation of cyclic resistance ratio of saturated sands with different probability levels was utilized to evaluate the earthquake-induced site liquefaction potential.Secondly,a "block" data structure was adopted to describe the 3D liquefaction potential entity.Thirdly,visual 3D visualization modeling for the earthquake-induced site liquefaction potential could be realized based on the Kriging interpolation method and volume rendering technique.It was shown that:(1) When the 3D liquefaction potential entity was partitioned by the "block" data model,the Kriging method can be adopted to realize 3D interpolation.Therefore,the latent distribution of the site liquefaction potential beyond the observation boreholes could be evaluated.(2) Based on the probability evaluation results and volume rendering technique,the Kriging interpolation results were displayed in different color marks to indicate the risk extent of the site liquefaction potential.Thereby,the spatial distributing characteristics and variety trend of the site liquefaction potential could be displayed in 3D graphic form.And also,the 2D profile section and 3D body incision could be generated automatically.
引文
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[7]陈国兴,李方明.基于径向基函数神经网络模型的砂土液化概率判别方法[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(3):301–305.(CHEN Guo-xing,LI Fang-ming.Probabilistic estimation of sand liquefaction based on neural network model of radial basis function[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(3):301–305.(in Chinese))
[8]YOUD T L,IDRISS I M,RONALD D,et al.Liquefaction resistance of soils:summary report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/NSF workshops on evaluation of liquefaction resistance of soils[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering.ASCE,2001,127(10):817–833.
[9]吴健生,王仰麟,曾新平.三维可视化环境下矿体空间数据插值[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2004,40(4):635–641.(WU Jian-shen,WANG Yang-lin,ZENG Xin-ping.Ore body spatial data interpolation in 3D visualization environment[J].Journal of Natural Science of Peking University,2004,40(4):635–641.(in Chinese))
[10]周小文,付晖,吴昌瑜.地层特性随机场插值方法应用研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(2):221–224.(ZHOU Xiao-wen,FU Hui,WU Chang-yu.Application study of spatial interpolation method in geological random field[J].Chinese Journal of Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(2):221–224.(in Chinese))
[11]汤皓,陈国兴.基于GIS的2.5维场地地震液化势概率评价[J].自然灾害学报,2007,16(2):86–91.(TANG Hao,CHEN Guo-xing.Probabilistic estimation of seismic liquefaction potential for 2.5-dimensional site based on GIS[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2007,16(2):86–91.(in Chinese))
[12]徐绘宏,潘懋.体绘制技术在地学3D GIS可视化中的应用研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2005,21(2):6–9.(XU Hui-hong,PAN Mao.The application study of volume rendering in the visualization of 3D GIS for geology[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2005,21(2):6–9.(in Chinese))
[13]李方明,陈国兴,从卫民.淮安市砂土地震液化势的综合评估[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2005,25(2):216–221.(LI Fang-ming,CHEN Guo-xing and CONG Wei-ming.Comprehensive evaluation of sand seismic liquefaction potential in Huai’an city[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2005,25(2):216–221.(in Chinese))
[2]张凌,施斌,王宝军.GIS环境中砂土液化评价方法[J].水文地质工程地质,2000,5:15–16.(ZHANG Lin,SHI Bin,WANG Bao-jun.The method to evaluate the sandy soil liquefaction under GIS environment[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2000,5:15–16.(in Chinese))
[3]孙树林,甘欣,周云东,等.基于MapInfo的南京地铁砂土地基液化空间分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2003,23(1):80–83.(SUN Shu-ling,GAN Xin,ZHOU Yun-dong,et al.Spatial liquefaction analysis of Nanjing subway soil foundationin in view of MapInfo[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2003,23(1):80–83.(in Chinese))
[4]蔡光荣,廖凰卿,朱文彬,等.高雄捷运大寮主机厂基地土壤液化潜能评估分析[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(3):407–411.(TSAI K J,LIAW H C,CHU W P,et al.Evaluation on soil liquefaction occurred at Taliao Main Depot of Kaohsiung MRT systems in Taiwan[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(3):407–411.(in Chinese))
[5]汤皓,陈国兴.基于GIS和神经网络模型的的场地地震液化势风险评价[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2007,32(8):727–730.(TANG Hao,CHEN Guo-xing.GIS and ANN model applied in risk evaluation of earthquake-induced site liquefaction potential[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2007,32(8):727–730.(in Chinese))
[6]汤皓,陈国兴,刘建达.GIS环境下大区域工程场地地震液化势的二维概率评价方法[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2007,27(3):296–301.(TANG Hao,CHEN Guo-xing,LIU Jian-da.Probabilistic estimation of seismic liquefaction potential for large region site based on two-dimensional GIS technique[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2007,27(3):296–301.(in Chinese))
[7]陈国兴,李方明.基于径向基函数神经网络模型的砂土液化概率判别方法[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(3):301–305.(CHEN Guo-xing,LI Fang-ming.Probabilistic estimation of sand liquefaction based on neural network model of radial basis function[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(3):301–305.(in Chinese))
[8]YOUD T L,IDRISS I M,RONALD D,et al.Liquefaction resistance of soils:summary report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/NSF workshops on evaluation of liquefaction resistance of soils[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering.ASCE,2001,127(10):817–833.
[9]吴健生,王仰麟,曾新平.三维可视化环境下矿体空间数据插值[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2004,40(4):635–641.(WU Jian-shen,WANG Yang-lin,ZENG Xin-ping.Ore body spatial data interpolation in 3D visualization environment[J].Journal of Natural Science of Peking University,2004,40(4):635–641.(in Chinese))
[10]周小文,付晖,吴昌瑜.地层特性随机场插值方法应用研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(2):221–224.(ZHOU Xiao-wen,FU Hui,WU Chang-yu.Application study of spatial interpolation method in geological random field[J].Chinese Journal of Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(2):221–224.(in Chinese))
[11]汤皓,陈国兴.基于GIS的2.5维场地地震液化势概率评价[J].自然灾害学报,2007,16(2):86–91.(TANG Hao,CHEN Guo-xing.Probabilistic estimation of seismic liquefaction potential for 2.5-dimensional site based on GIS[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2007,16(2):86–91.(in Chinese))
[12]徐绘宏,潘懋.体绘制技术在地学3D GIS可视化中的应用研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2005,21(2):6–9.(XU Hui-hong,PAN Mao.The application study of volume rendering in the visualization of 3D GIS for geology[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2005,21(2):6–9.(in Chinese))
[13]李方明,陈国兴,从卫民.淮安市砂土地震液化势的综合评估[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2005,25(2):216–221.(LI Fang-ming,CHEN Guo-xing and CONG Wei-ming.Comprehensive evaluation of sand seismic liquefaction potential in Huai’an city[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2005,25(2):216–221.(in Chinese))
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