影响松潘地区深反射地震数据品质的几种因素
摘要
深反射地震剖面技术是揭示岩石圈精细结构的有效手段,获得高质量的原始资料是揭示岩石圈精细结构探讨地球动力学过程的前提和基础.松潘地块地表条件和地下地质构造复杂,资料信噪比低.本文针对松潘地区地表地质条件、激发接收条件及环境等因素,通过实例数据对比分析影响该工区原始单炮记录品质的主要原因,为反射地震勘探数据采集工作提供几点参考和建议.
The deep reflection seismic profiling is an effective method to probe fine structure of lithosphere.High quality data is the basis of lithosphere fine structure and geological interpretation.The Songpan block is chacterized by the complicated surface topography,geological structure and low s/n of seismic reflection data.We analyzes original shot records and the factors affecting their quality in according to surface geology,shooting and receiving conditions and environment in the Songpan block.Finally,the several suggestions are given for of the subsequent seismic reflection profile data collection.
The deep reflection seismic profiling is an effective method to probe fine structure of lithosphere.High quality data is the basis of lithosphere fine structure and geological interpretation.The Songpan block is chacterized by the complicated surface topography,geological structure and low s/n of seismic reflection data.We analyzes original shot records and the factors affecting their quality in according to surface geology,shooting and receiving conditions and environment in the Songpan block.Finally,the several suggestions are given for of the subsequent seismic reflection profile data collection.
引文
[1] 杨卓欣,张先康,嘉世旭,等.伽师强震群区震源细结构的深地震反射探测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6) :1 701～1708． Yang Z X,Zhang X K,Jia S X,etal.Fine crustal structure in the Jiashi earthquake swarm region revealed by deep seismic reflection profiling [J].Chinese J.Geophys.,2006,49 ( 6 ) :1701～1708．
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[3] 王海燕,高锐,马永生,等.若尔盖与西秦岭地震反射岩石圈结构和盆山耦合[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2) ;472～481． Wang H Y,Gao Rui,Ma Y S,et al.Basin-range coupling and lithosphere structure between the Zoige and the west Qinling [J].Chinese J.Geophys.,2007,50(2) :472～481．
[4] 王齐仁,杨天春.隧道地质灾害超前预报的地震反射法[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :643～649． Wang Q R,Yang T C.The seismic reflection method predicting tunnel geological hazards [J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21 (2) :643 ～ 649．
[5] 滕吉文.中国地壳、上地幔精细结构和大陆动力学研究的序幕-从1958年柴达木沉积盆地深部地震反射探测看半个世纪来该科学领域的发展导向和启迪[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :1～13． Teng J W.The prelude to the research of fine structures of crust and upper mantle and continental dynamics in China:its development trends and enlightenment from deep seismic reflection exploration of the Qaidam basin in 1958 [J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(1) :1 ～13．
[6] 徐锦玺,邱燕,何京国,等.滩浅海地震勘探采集技术应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1) :66～70． Xu J X,Qiu Y,He J G,et al.Seismic exploration acquisition technique application of Beach shallow sea[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20 (1) :66 ～ 70．
[7] 钱荣均.炸药震源激发效果分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6) :583～588． Qian R J.Analysis of explosive effect of dynamite source[J].OGP,2003,3838(6) :583～588．
[8] 钱绍瑚,刘江平,谷永兴,李套山,刘振夏.炸药震源爆炸机制及激发条件的研究[J].石油物探,1998,37(3) :1～14． Qian S H,Liu J P,Gu Y X,Li T S,Liu Z X.The research on the explosive mechanism and excitation condition of dynamite source[J].GPP,1998,37(3) :1～14．
[9] 刘树田.地展勘探中炸药展源药型选择问题研究[J].石油物探,1999,38(4) :66～73． Liu S T.Research on the problem of dynamite type selection in seismic prospecting[J].Gpp,1999,38(4) :66 ～73．
[10] 张付生,贾烈明,王莉.陆上地震激发因素的选择方法探讨[J].石油物探,2004,43(2) :149～152． Zhang F S,Jia l M,Wang L.Study on selection of shooting parameters for land seismic data acquisition [J].GPP,2004,43(2) :149～152．
[11] 杜兴忠,曹俊兴.强噪声环境条件下的浅层地震勘探方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5) :161 6～1 620． Du X Z,Cao J X.Shallow subsurface seismic prospecting methods in high noise condition[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(5) :1616～1620．
[12] 凌云.非规则干扰信噪比分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(3) :272～278． Ling Y.Analysis of signal-to-noise ratio for irregular interference[J].OGP,2001,36(3) .:272～ 278．
[13] 蔡希玲,曾庆芹,刘学伟.近地表信息的获取及在地震数据处理中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(5) :321～329． Cai X L,Zeng Q Q,Liu X W.Acquisition of near surface information and its applications in seismic data processing[J].Progress in exploration Geophysics,2007,30(5) :321～329．
[14] 丁建荣,毛凤鸣,郝天珧.表层火成岩覆盖地区的表层结构调查[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :872～878． Ding J R,Mao F M,H ao T Y.Surface structure survey in the area where covered with the igneous rock near-surface[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22 (3) :872 ～878．
[15] 崔树果,刘怀山,魏继东.山地地震勘探采集方法研究[J].西北地质,2004,37(4) :71～78． Cui G S,Liu H S,Wei J D.Research on seismic acquisition methods in the mountainous area[J].Northwestern geology,2004,37(4) :71～78．
[16] 陈新荣,尚新民,李继光,顾庆雷.地震资料振幅保持影响因素分析[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(4) :1411～1419． Chen X R,Shang X M,Li J G,Gu Q L.Analysis on in fluence factors of preserved amplitude processing[J].Progress in Geophys.,2009,24(4) :1411～1419．
[17] 畅永刚,李云明.影响人工激发地震波效果的几个因素探讨[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(4) :258～260． Chang Y G,Li Y M.Discussing the serval effecting factor of the quality of shooting seismic wave [J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2006,28(4) :258～260．
[18] 凌云.激发药量与药型分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,200l,36(5) :584～590． Ling Y.Analysis of charge size and charge type[J].OGP,2001,36(5) :584～590．
[19] 杨德宽,郑泽继,等.对深层地震勘探中随机噪音的一点认识[J].石油物探,2000,39(3) :50～72． Yang D K,Zheng Z J,et al.Some cognitions on random noise in deep layer seismic exploration[J].Gpp,2000,39 ( 3 ) :50 ～72．
[20] 安锋,贾静敏,杨德宽,于小刚,宋智勇.地震采集施工因素与随机噪音的关系探讨[J].石油仪器,2006,20(3) :54～57． An F,Jia J M,Yang D K,Yu X G,Song Z Y.Relation between acquisition factors and seismic noises[J].Petroleum Instruments,2006,20(3) :54～57．
[21] 王典,刘财,刘洋,等.反射法地震勘探噪声消除技术研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3) :957～970． Wang D,Liu C,Liu Y,et al.Study of the noise elimination methods in the reflection seismic exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21 (3) :957～ 970．
[22] 郝召兵,秦静欣,伍向阳.地震波品质因子(牛参)研究进展综述[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2) :375～381． Hao Z B.Qin J X.Wu X Y.Overview of research on the seismic wave quality factor[J].Progress in Geophys.,2009, 24(2) :375～381．
[23] 肖鹏,陈传仁.川东南灰岩出露区激发条件分析[J].石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2005,27(4) :592～594． Xiao P,Chen C Y.Analysis of shooting condition of in areas of outcropped limestone of the southeastern Sichuan [J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2005,27(4) :592～594．
[24] 梁雪飞,冯路国.提高煤田地震勘探采集质量的主要因素探讨[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(5) :347～351． Liang X F,Feng L G.The major factors affecting the quality of field data in coal seismic prospecting [J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27 (5) :347～ 351．
[25] 李怀礼,张玺.浅析复杂地区地震勘探数据采集技术[J].西部探矿工程,2007,5:72～74． Li H L,Zhang X.Simple analysis of the seismic data acquisition technology in the complicated area[J].West-china exploration engineering,2007,5 :72～74．
[26] 杨子川.塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层预测技术及应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(6) :432～439． Yang Z C.Carbonate reservoir prediction technology and its application in Tahe Oil field [J].Progress in exploration Geophysics,2004,27(6) :432～439．
[27] 杨贵祥.碳酸盐岩裸露区地震勘探采集方法[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1108～1128． Yang G X.The method of seismic exploration in the bare carbonate rock area[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4) :881～888．
[28] 梁顺军,梁顺宾.山地高陡构造地震采集质量分析、评价及建议[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(增刊):180～188． Liang S J,Liang X B.High-Steep structure area seismic acquisition quality analysis,evaluation and recommendations [J].OGP,2002,37 (supplement) :180～ 188．
[29] 王子明.柴达木盆地东部高分辨率地震勘探应用研究与效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6) :569～577． Wang Z M.Applied study and effect of high-resolution seismic exploration in east of Qaidam Basin[J].OGP,2002,37(6) :569～577．
[30] 魏继东,张旭,曹国滨,等.四川松潘-阿坝低信噪比地区采集方法研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(2) :167～173． Wei J D,Zhang X,Cao G B,et al.The acquisition method in the region of low S/N in Sichuan Songpan-Aba area [J].Gpp,2005,44(2) :167～173．
[31] 宋豁然,苟思亮,董仲泉.中华人民共和国区域地质测量报告9-48-(7) (合作)幅[M].甘肃省革命委员会地质局,1972,19～63． Song H R,Gou S L,Dong Z Q.The People's Republic of China Regional Geological Survey Report 9-48-(7) (Hezuo)[D].Revolutionary Committee of the Geological Bureau of Gansu Province,1972,19 ～ 63．
[2] 张智,徐春明,孟补在,等.洱源-江川宽角地震剖面的地壳反射特征[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4) :1082～1088． Zhang Z,Xu C M,Meng B Z,et al.Crustal reflectivity characters from the Eryuan Jiangchuan wide-angle seismic profile[J].Chinese J.Geophys.,2007,50(4) :1082～1088．
[3] 王海燕,高锐,马永生,等.若尔盖与西秦岭地震反射岩石圈结构和盆山耦合[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2) ;472～481． Wang H Y,Gao Rui,Ma Y S,et al.Basin-range coupling and lithosphere structure between the Zoige and the west Qinling [J].Chinese J.Geophys.,2007,50(2) :472～481．
[4] 王齐仁,杨天春.隧道地质灾害超前预报的地震反射法[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :643～649． Wang Q R,Yang T C.The seismic reflection method predicting tunnel geological hazards [J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21 (2) :643 ～ 649．
[5] 滕吉文.中国地壳、上地幔精细结构和大陆动力学研究的序幕-从1958年柴达木沉积盆地深部地震反射探测看半个世纪来该科学领域的发展导向和启迪[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :1～13． Teng J W.The prelude to the research of fine structures of crust and upper mantle and continental dynamics in China:its development trends and enlightenment from deep seismic reflection exploration of the Qaidam basin in 1958 [J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(1) :1 ～13．
[6] 徐锦玺,邱燕,何京国,等.滩浅海地震勘探采集技术应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1) :66～70． Xu J X,Qiu Y,He J G,et al.Seismic exploration acquisition technique application of Beach shallow sea[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20 (1) :66 ～ 70．
[7] 钱荣均.炸药震源激发效果分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6) :583～588． Qian R J.Analysis of explosive effect of dynamite source[J].OGP,2003,3838(6) :583～588．
[8] 钱绍瑚,刘江平,谷永兴,李套山,刘振夏.炸药震源爆炸机制及激发条件的研究[J].石油物探,1998,37(3) :1～14． Qian S H,Liu J P,Gu Y X,Li T S,Liu Z X.The research on the explosive mechanism and excitation condition of dynamite source[J].GPP,1998,37(3) :1～14．
[9] 刘树田.地展勘探中炸药展源药型选择问题研究[J].石油物探,1999,38(4) :66～73． Liu S T.Research on the problem of dynamite type selection in seismic prospecting[J].Gpp,1999,38(4) :66 ～73．
[10] 张付生,贾烈明,王莉.陆上地震激发因素的选择方法探讨[J].石油物探,2004,43(2) :149～152． Zhang F S,Jia l M,Wang L.Study on selection of shooting parameters for land seismic data acquisition [J].GPP,2004,43(2) :149～152．
[11] 杜兴忠,曹俊兴.强噪声环境条件下的浅层地震勘探方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5) :161 6～1 620． Du X Z,Cao J X.Shallow subsurface seismic prospecting methods in high noise condition[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(5) :1616～1620．
[12] 凌云.非规则干扰信噪比分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(3) :272～278． Ling Y.Analysis of signal-to-noise ratio for irregular interference[J].OGP,2001,36(3) .:272～ 278．
[13] 蔡希玲,曾庆芹,刘学伟.近地表信息的获取及在地震数据处理中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(5) :321～329． Cai X L,Zeng Q Q,Liu X W.Acquisition of near surface information and its applications in seismic data processing[J].Progress in exploration Geophysics,2007,30(5) :321～329．
[14] 丁建荣,毛凤鸣,郝天珧.表层火成岩覆盖地区的表层结构调查[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :872～878． Ding J R,Mao F M,H ao T Y.Surface structure survey in the area where covered with the igneous rock near-surface[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22 (3) :872 ～878．
[15] 崔树果,刘怀山,魏继东.山地地震勘探采集方法研究[J].西北地质,2004,37(4) :71～78． Cui G S,Liu H S,Wei J D.Research on seismic acquisition methods in the mountainous area[J].Northwestern geology,2004,37(4) :71～78．
[16] 陈新荣,尚新民,李继光,顾庆雷.地震资料振幅保持影响因素分析[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(4) :1411～1419． Chen X R,Shang X M,Li J G,Gu Q L.Analysis on in fluence factors of preserved amplitude processing[J].Progress in Geophys.,2009,24(4) :1411～1419．
[17] 畅永刚,李云明.影响人工激发地震波效果的几个因素探讨[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(4) :258～260． Chang Y G,Li Y M.Discussing the serval effecting factor of the quality of shooting seismic wave [J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2006,28(4) :258～260．
[18] 凌云.激发药量与药型分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,200l,36(5) :584～590． Ling Y.Analysis of charge size and charge type[J].OGP,2001,36(5) :584～590．
[19] 杨德宽,郑泽继,等.对深层地震勘探中随机噪音的一点认识[J].石油物探,2000,39(3) :50～72． Yang D K,Zheng Z J,et al.Some cognitions on random noise in deep layer seismic exploration[J].Gpp,2000,39 ( 3 ) :50 ～72．
[20] 安锋,贾静敏,杨德宽,于小刚,宋智勇.地震采集施工因素与随机噪音的关系探讨[J].石油仪器,2006,20(3) :54～57． An F,Jia J M,Yang D K,Yu X G,Song Z Y.Relation between acquisition factors and seismic noises[J].Petroleum Instruments,2006,20(3) :54～57．
[21] 王典,刘财,刘洋,等.反射法地震勘探噪声消除技术研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3) :957～970． Wang D,Liu C,Liu Y,et al.Study of the noise elimination methods in the reflection seismic exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21 (3) :957～ 970．
[22] 郝召兵,秦静欣,伍向阳.地震波品质因子(牛参)研究进展综述[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2) :375～381． Hao Z B.Qin J X.Wu X Y.Overview of research on the seismic wave quality factor[J].Progress in Geophys.,2009, 24(2) :375～381．
[23] 肖鹏,陈传仁.川东南灰岩出露区激发条件分析[J].石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2005,27(4) :592～594． Xiao P,Chen C Y.Analysis of shooting condition of in areas of outcropped limestone of the southeastern Sichuan [J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2005,27(4) :592～594．
[24] 梁雪飞,冯路国.提高煤田地震勘探采集质量的主要因素探讨[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(5) :347～351． Liang X F,Feng L G.The major factors affecting the quality of field data in coal seismic prospecting [J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27 (5) :347～ 351．
[25] 李怀礼,张玺.浅析复杂地区地震勘探数据采集技术[J].西部探矿工程,2007,5:72～74． Li H L,Zhang X.Simple analysis of the seismic data acquisition technology in the complicated area[J].West-china exploration engineering,2007,5 :72～74．
[26] 杨子川.塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层预测技术及应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(6) :432～439． Yang Z C.Carbonate reservoir prediction technology and its application in Tahe Oil field [J].Progress in exploration Geophysics,2004,27(6) :432～439．
[27] 杨贵祥.碳酸盐岩裸露区地震勘探采集方法[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1108～1128． Yang G X.The method of seismic exploration in the bare carbonate rock area[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4) :881～888．
[28] 梁顺军,梁顺宾.山地高陡构造地震采集质量分析、评价及建议[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(增刊):180～188． Liang S J,Liang X B.High-Steep structure area seismic acquisition quality analysis,evaluation and recommendations [J].OGP,2002,37 (supplement) :180～ 188．
[29] 王子明.柴达木盆地东部高分辨率地震勘探应用研究与效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6) :569～577． Wang Z M.Applied study and effect of high-resolution seismic exploration in east of Qaidam Basin[J].OGP,2002,37(6) :569～577．
[30] 魏继东,张旭,曹国滨,等.四川松潘-阿坝低信噪比地区采集方法研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(2) :167～173． Wei J D,Zhang X,Cao G B,et al.The acquisition method in the region of low S/N in Sichuan Songpan-Aba area [J].Gpp,2005,44(2) :167～173．
[31] 宋豁然,苟思亮,董仲泉.中华人民共和国区域地质测量报告9-48-(7) (合作)幅[M].甘肃省革命委员会地质局,1972,19～63． Song H R,Gou S L,Dong Z Q.The People's Republic of China Regional Geological Survey Report 9-48-(7) (Hezuo)[D].Revolutionary Committee of the Geological Bureau of Gansu Province,1972,19 ～ 63．
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