浅层地震勘探数据拟同步采集时差分析与实践
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摘要
理想的地震勘探数据采集,其硬件系统采用多道同步方式实现,保证多路信号的时间或相位一致性.理论时差分析表明,就地震信号的初至时刻来看,多路同步采集系统也存在系统误差.浅层地震勘探数据记录道数少,采用单个A/D模数转换器件通过逻辑系统控制实现少量地震道的多路循环分时采集,在满足采样定理所需采样频率和不增加地震信号初至系统误差的前提下,可以以较少的硬件成本实现浅层地震信号的有效采集,这种采集方式我们称之为有效拟同步采集;通过实践证明了其采集方式的有效性.
The data acquisition of ideal seismic survey is often realized by its hardware system using the multi-channel synchronous mode to keep time-consistency of multi-channel signal.Theoretical analysis of the time difference shows that the multi-channel synchronous acquisition system also has system errors in the pick of first arrive.The channel number of shallow seismic prospecting is not large, so we can use a logic system to control a signal A/D to collecting data channel by channel.It can realize data acquisition effectively with less hardware cost in the condition that the sample frequency satisfying the sampling theorem and not increasing the system error.This data acquisition mode is called effective pseudo-synchronous acquisition.Its validity has been validated by practice.
The data acquisition of ideal seismic survey is often realized by its hardware system using the multi-channel synchronous mode to keep time-consistency of multi-channel signal.Theoretical analysis of the time difference shows that the multi-channel synchronous acquisition system also has system errors in the pick of first arrive.The channel number of shallow seismic prospecting is not large, so we can use a logic system to control a signal A/D to collecting data channel by channel.It can realize data acquisition effectively with less hardware cost in the condition that the sample frequency satisfying the sampling theorem and not increasing the system error.This data acquisition mode is called effective pseudo-synchronous acquisition.Its validity has been validated by practice.
引文
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[2]李庆春,刘金兰,丁梁波.浅层双分量地震在黄土公路地质缺陷探测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1266~1271.Li Q C,Liu J L,Ding L B.Application of shallow multicom-ponent seismics togeological defects detecting in loess highway[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(4):1266~1271.
[3]陈相府,安西峰.地震横波勘探及其在浅层岩土分层中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1655~1659.Chen X F,An X F.Application of seismic shear wave detec-tion individing shallow strata of rock and soil[J].Progress inGeophysics.2007,22(5):1655~1659.
[4]张在陆.工程地震仪器认识上的误区[J].石油仪器,2004,14(6):1~3.Zhang Z L.Some misunderstanding in shallow seismograph.Petroleum Instruments[J].2004,14(6):1~3.
[5]张在陆.数据采集系统信号混叠的研究[J].石油仪器,1998,12(1).Zhang Z L.Discussion on the Signal Aliasing Phenomenon in DataAcquisition System[J].Petroleum Instruments,1998,12(1).
[6]陈明义,覃爱娜,陈革辉.数字电子技术基础(电类)[M].中南大学出版社.2004.358~360.Chen M Y,Tan A N,Chen G H.Fundamentals of digital e-lectronic technology(electricity)[M].Centrol South Universi-ty Press,2004:358~360.
[7]潘中印,黄健,张忠娅,等.地震仪器数据采集同步技术[J].物探装备,2006,16(3):165~167.Pan Z Y,Huang J,Zhang Z Y,et al.Simultaneous data ac-quisition of seismograph[J].Equipment for Geophysical Pros-pecting,2006,16(3):165~167.
[8]罗兰兵,董世学.地震数据采集系统延迟时研究与分析[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2005,35:62~65.Luo L B,Dong S X.Study and analysis of delay time of seis-mic acquisition system[J].Journal of Jiling University(EarthScience Edition),2005,35:62~65.
[9]潘树林,高磊,邹强,等.一种实现初至波自动拾取的方法[J].石油物探,2005,44(2):163~166.Pan S L,Gao L,Zou Q,et al..An automatic method to pickup the first break time[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Pe-trole(in Chinese),2005,44(2):163~166.
[10]詹毅,唐湘蓉,钟本善.初至拾取预处理[J].石油物探,2005,44(2):160~162.Zhan Y,Tang X R,Zhong B S.Preprocessing of picking firstarrival in complex situation[J].Geophysical Prospecting ForPetrole(in Chinese),2005,44(2):160~162.
[11]何樵登.地震勘探原理和方法[M].地质出版社.1985.HE Q D.Principles and methods of seismic exploration[M].Geological Publishing House.1985.
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