北川新县城四川短尾鼩种群动态及繁殖生态
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摘要
调查地震灾后北川四川短尾鼩种群数量和繁殖特征的动态变化,研究其种群动态变化规律,为控制害兽提供科学依据。2009年7月、10月和2010年1月、4月、7月、10月在居民区、农田、林地3种生境采用夹夜法调查,收集标本,分类鉴定,计算捕获率,并解剖观察其繁殖状况,根据其性比、怀孕率、胎仔数、睾丸下降率、繁殖指数等指标分析繁殖特征。结果表明,四川短尾鼩主要栖息于农田及居民区,是北川新县城农田、居民区的主要害兽,占总捕获数的83.48%;种群性比为0.96;四川短尾鼩平均捕获率为10.34%,不同季节均有捕获,秋季(10月)为种群数量最高峰;在春(4月)、夏(7月)季为繁殖高峰期,怀孕率为69.57%和56.25%;调查期间平均胎仔数为3.72只,平均睾丸下降率为51.41%;灾后对四川短尾鼩种群数量和种群繁殖特征进行中长期的监测是必要的。
To survey the dynamic change of population quantity and reproduction characteristics of Anourosorex squamipes in Beichuan County after the disastrous earthquake and study the change rules of the population dynamics to provide a basis for controlling harmful animals.The survey was carried out on 3 living invironments in Jul.,Oct.2009 and in Jan.,Apr.,Oct.2010 including residential area,farmland and woodland to collect the samples,classify the identifications,and calculate capture rate whose reproduction situations were dissected and observed.The reproduction characteristics were analyzed based on the ratio of male to female,gestation rate,felus quantity,orchis reduction rate,reproduction index.The results show:Anourosorex squamipes mainly live in farmland and residential area,being the main harmful animal area of the Beichuan New County town,covering 83.48% of the total of the collected rats.The ratio of male to female of the population was 0.96;Anourosorex squamipes can be captured at different seasons,covering 10.34%;The population quantity reaches maximum peak in autumn(Oct.);its reproductive period peak was in spring(Apr.),in summer(Jul.),its gestation was 3.72 during research period;Average orchis rate was 51.41%.It is necessary to monitor population quantity of Anourosorex squamipes and population reproductive charcteristics for long term after disaster.
To survey the dynamic change of population quantity and reproduction characteristics of Anourosorex squamipes in Beichuan County after the disastrous earthquake and study the change rules of the population dynamics to provide a basis for controlling harmful animals.The survey was carried out on 3 living invironments in Jul.,Oct.2009 and in Jan.,Apr.,Oct.2010 including residential area,farmland and woodland to collect the samples,classify the identifications,and calculate capture rate whose reproduction situations were dissected and observed.The reproduction characteristics were analyzed based on the ratio of male to female,gestation rate,felus quantity,orchis reduction rate,reproduction index.The results show:Anourosorex squamipes mainly live in farmland and residential area,being the main harmful animal area of the Beichuan New County town,covering 83.48% of the total of the collected rats.The ratio of male to female of the population was 0.96;Anourosorex squamipes can be captured at different seasons,covering 10.34%;The population quantity reaches maximum peak in autumn(Oct.);its reproductive period peak was in spring(Apr.),in summer(Jul.),its gestation was 3.72 during research period;Average orchis rate was 51.41%.It is necessary to monitor population quantity of Anourosorex squamipes and population reproductive charcteristics for long term after disaster.
引文
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[6]廖文波,胡锦矗,李操,等.微尾鼩种群数量变动及其预测[J].西南农业大学学报,2005,27(2):210-213.
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[10]张美文,王勇,李波,等.洞庭湖不同退田还湖类型区东方田鼠和黑线姬鼠的繁殖特性[J].兽类学报,2009,29(4):396-405.
[11]张建漂,杨孔,李平.北川地震灾区农田鼠类种群动态初步调查[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2011,22(2):121-123.
[12]周朝霞,艾祯仙,陆小欢,等.三都县褐家鼠种群数量动态与繁殖规律[J].贵州农业科学,2009,37(7):83-85.
[13]杨再学.黑线姬鼠种群繁殖特征的研究[J].贵州农业科学,1996,24(1):15-19.
[14]王红愫.大足鼠(Rattus nitidus)种群动态和繁殖特性研究[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,30(S1):166-169.
[15]张美文,黄璜,王勇,等.洞庭湖区社鼠的繁殖生态[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):884-894.
[16]张美文,王克林,王勇,等.长江中游农区洪涝灾害后鼠类数量动态[J].应用与环境生物学报,2004,10(2):184-188.
[17]张美文,王克林,王勇,等.洞庭湖区洪灾淹没区鼠类群落结构恢复的生态过程[J].生态学报,2004,24(6):1212-1218.
[18]张美文,李波,王勇,等.四川地震灾区灾后一年农村小兽监测报告[J].生态学报,2010,30(19):5253-5263.
[2]蒋光藻,倪建英,谭向红.四川短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes)种群动态研究[J].兽类学报,1990,10(4):294-298.
[3]宗浩.农田生态系统四川短尾鼩种群能量动态的研究[J].应用与环境生物学报,1998,4(2):163-166.
[4]宗浩,冯定胜.四川短尾鼩行为生态学的研究[J].四川师范大学学报(自然科学版),1998,21(4):449-452.
[5]蒋凡,徐翔,罗林明,等.四川短尾鼩生物学研究[J].西南农业大学学报,1999,21(5):460-464.
[6]廖文波,胡锦矗,李操,等.微尾鼩种群数量变动及其预测[J].西南农业大学学报,2005,27(2):210-213.
[7]廖文波,胡锦矗,周材权,等.微尾鼩种群繁殖的年龄和季节特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2005,11(6):722-725.
[8]米志平.四川短尾鼩肝脏和胰腺的组织解剖学研究[J].四川动物,2008,27(1):105-106.
[9]米志平.四川短尾鼩唾液腺的组织学观察[J].动物学杂志,2007,42(2):87-90.
[10]张美文,王勇,李波,等.洞庭湖不同退田还湖类型区东方田鼠和黑线姬鼠的繁殖特性[J].兽类学报,2009,29(4):396-405.
[11]张建漂,杨孔,李平.北川地震灾区农田鼠类种群动态初步调查[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2011,22(2):121-123.
[12]周朝霞,艾祯仙,陆小欢,等.三都县褐家鼠种群数量动态与繁殖规律[J].贵州农业科学,2009,37(7):83-85.
[13]杨再学.黑线姬鼠种群繁殖特征的研究[J].贵州农业科学,1996,24(1):15-19.
[14]王红愫.大足鼠(Rattus nitidus)种群动态和繁殖特性研究[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,30(S1):166-169.
[15]张美文,黄璜,王勇,等.洞庭湖区社鼠的繁殖生态[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):884-894.
[16]张美文,王克林,王勇,等.长江中游农区洪涝灾害后鼠类数量动态[J].应用与环境生物学报,2004,10(2):184-188.
[17]张美文,王克林,王勇,等.洞庭湖区洪灾淹没区鼠类群落结构恢复的生态过程[J].生态学报,2004,24(6):1212-1218.
[18]张美文,李波,王勇,等.四川地震灾区灾后一年农村小兽监测报告[J].生态学报,2010,30(19):5253-5263.
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