GIS技术在区域地震滑坡危险性预测中的应用——以龙陵地震滑坡为例
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摘要
地震滑坡是一种有着严重危害的次生地震灾害形式,形成机制复杂,涉及因素众多。运用G IS丰富的空间分析功能,对地震滑坡的影响因素进行研究,并进行潜在地震滑坡区的预测,是地震滑坡研究领域的一种新的发展趋势。本文在对1976年龙陵地震引发的地震滑坡分布特征研究的基础上,结合前人有关中国西南地区地震滑坡特征的研究成果,应用G IS对该区潜在地震滑坡危险区进行了预测。
In West China,intense earthquakes occur frequently,because of its complex geological and geomorphological conditions,hence the earthquake-induced landslide become one of the most severe seismic hazards there.In this paper a technique for the risk assessment of seismic landslide hazard using GIS approach is developed.The method has been applied to the real case in Longling county,Yunnan Province,where a strong earthquake(M=7.3) which triggered lots of landslides occurred in 1976.With the application of GIS,the relationships between earthquake-induced landslide activity and a number of parameters including lithology,tectonic,site intensity,slope angle,etc.are analyzed.And furthermore,the risk of seismic landslide hazard for this region is assessed using the comprehensive index method.The occurrence of landslide is the result of all factors' combination.In the seismic landslide hazard map generated accordingly,it is found that almost all landslides occur in the places which have been grouped as high risk areas.
In West China,intense earthquakes occur frequently,because of its complex geological and geomorphological conditions,hence the earthquake-induced landslide become one of the most severe seismic hazards there.In this paper a technique for the risk assessment of seismic landslide hazard using GIS approach is developed.The method has been applied to the real case in Longling county,Yunnan Province,where a strong earthquake(M=7.3) which triggered lots of landslides occurred in 1976.With the application of GIS,the relationships between earthquake-induced landslide activity and a number of parameters including lithology,tectonic,site intensity,slope angle,etc.are analyzed.And furthermore,the risk of seismic landslide hazard for this region is assessed using the comprehensive index method.The occurrence of landslide is the result of all factors' combination.In the seismic landslide hazard map generated accordingly,it is found that almost all landslides occur in the places which have been grouped as high risk areas.
引文
[1]R.C.W ilson and D.K.Keefer.Pred icting areal lim its of earth-quake-induced landslid ing[J].U.S.Geological Survey,profes-sional paper 1860,1985,317~343.
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[3]David K.Keefer.Landslides caused by earthquakes[J].Geolog-ical society ofAm erica Bu lletin,1984,95,406~421.
[4]周本刚,张裕明.中国西南地区地震滑坡的基本特征[J].西北地震学报,1994,16(1):95~103.Zhou Bengang,Zhang Yum ing.Som e characteristics of earthquake-induced landslide in southwestern Ch ina.Northwestern seismo-logical journal,1994,16(1):95~103.
[5]唐川,黄楚兴,万晔.云南省丽江大地震及其诱发得崩塌滑坡灾害[J].自然灾害学报,1997,6(3):76~84.Tang Chuan,Huang Chuxing,W an Ye.L ijiang earthquake andthe induced rockfalls and slumps in Yunnan.Journal of NaturalD isasters,1997,6(3):76~84.
[6]祁生文,伍法权,孙进忠.边坡动力响应规律研究[J].中国科学,E辑,技术科学,2003,33(增刊):28~40.Q i Shengwen,W u Faquan,Sun Jinzhong.Study on Dynam ic Re-sponses of Slopes.Science in Ch ina,Ser.E,Technological Sci-ences,2003,33(supp):28~40.
[7]王余庆,辛鸿博,高艳平,周根寿.预测岩土边坡地震崩滑的综合指标法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(3):311~314.W ang Yuq ing,X in Hongbo,Gao Yanp ing,Zhou Genshou.Studyon comprehensive index m ethod for pred icating earthquake-in-duced landslides.Ch inese journal geotechn ical engineering,2001,23(3):311~314.
[8]丁彦慧,王余庆,孙进忠,唐蕴.地震崩滑预测方法及其工程研究应用[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(4):475~480.D ing Yanhu i,W ang Yuq ing,Sun Jinzhong,Tang Yun.Researchon the m ethod for pred iction of earthquake-induced landslidesand its application to engineering projects.Journal of EngineeringGeology,2000,8(4):475~480.
[9]辛鸿博,王余庆.岩土边坡地震崩滑及其初判准则[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(5):591~594.X in Hongbo,W ang Yuq ing.Earthquake induced landslide andavalanche.Ch inese Journal of Geotechn ical Engineering,1999,21(5):591~594.
[10]四川省地理研究所.1976年5月29日龙陵地震滑坡调查报告[R],1976.S ichuan Institute of Geography.F ield work of Longling Earth-quake-induced landslides,May 29th.1976.
[11]单新建.遥感技术和地理信息系统在地质环境评价中的集成应用[D].中国地震局地质研究所学位论文.1999.Shan X in jian.Integration and Application of Remote Sensing andGeograph ical information System Technology for the Evalution ofGeological Envirom ent.Institute of Geology.CEA.1999.
[12]R.P.Gupta and B.C.Josh i.Landslide hazard Zon ing using theG IS approach-a case study from the Ramgamga Catchm ent,H i-malayas[J].Engineering Geology,1990,28:119~131.
[13]RandallW.Jibson,Edw in L.Harp,and John A.M ichael..AM ethod for producing d igital probab ilistic seism ic landslide hazardmaps:An example from the Los Angeles[M].Californ ia Area.U.S.Geological Survey,1998.
[14]韩文峰,宋畅,梁庆国.极震区的地震动与潜在震源区内重大工程安全[J].工程地质学报,2004,12(4):346~353.Han W enfeng,Song Chang,L iang Q ingguo.Strong ground motionatm eizoseismal area&safety of important engineering projects atpotential earthquake region.Journal of Engineering Geology,2004,12(4):346~353.
[15]郑先昌,杨峥.武汉地区地震效应影响研究[J].工程地质学报,2004,12(1):87~92.Zheng X ianchang,Yang Zheng.Study on the influence of earth-quake in W uhan area.Journal of Engineering Geology,2004,12(1):87~92.
[2]孙崇绍,蔡红卫.我国历史地震时滑坡崩塌的发育及分布特征[J].自然灾害学报,1997,6(1):25~30.Sun Chongshao,CaiHongwei.D evelop ing and d istributing char-acteristics of collapses and landslides during strong h istoric earth-quake in Ch ina.Journal of Natural D isasters,1997,6(1):25~30.
[3]David K.Keefer.Landslides caused by earthquakes[J].Geolog-ical society ofAm erica Bu lletin,1984,95,406~421.
[4]周本刚,张裕明.中国西南地区地震滑坡的基本特征[J].西北地震学报,1994,16(1):95~103.Zhou Bengang,Zhang Yum ing.Som e characteristics of earthquake-induced landslide in southwestern Ch ina.Northwestern seismo-logical journal,1994,16(1):95~103.
[5]唐川,黄楚兴,万晔.云南省丽江大地震及其诱发得崩塌滑坡灾害[J].自然灾害学报,1997,6(3):76~84.Tang Chuan,Huang Chuxing,W an Ye.L ijiang earthquake andthe induced rockfalls and slumps in Yunnan.Journal of NaturalD isasters,1997,6(3):76~84.
[6]祁生文,伍法权,孙进忠.边坡动力响应规律研究[J].中国科学,E辑,技术科学,2003,33(增刊):28~40.Q i Shengwen,W u Faquan,Sun Jinzhong.Study on Dynam ic Re-sponses of Slopes.Science in Ch ina,Ser.E,Technological Sci-ences,2003,33(supp):28~40.
[7]王余庆,辛鸿博,高艳平,周根寿.预测岩土边坡地震崩滑的综合指标法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(3):311~314.W ang Yuq ing,X in Hongbo,Gao Yanp ing,Zhou Genshou.Studyon comprehensive index m ethod for pred icating earthquake-in-duced landslides.Ch inese journal geotechn ical engineering,2001,23(3):311~314.
[8]丁彦慧,王余庆,孙进忠,唐蕴.地震崩滑预测方法及其工程研究应用[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(4):475~480.D ing Yanhu i,W ang Yuq ing,Sun Jinzhong,Tang Yun.Researchon the m ethod for pred iction of earthquake-induced landslidesand its application to engineering projects.Journal of EngineeringGeology,2000,8(4):475~480.
[9]辛鸿博,王余庆.岩土边坡地震崩滑及其初判准则[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(5):591~594.X in Hongbo,W ang Yuq ing.Earthquake induced landslide andavalanche.Ch inese Journal of Geotechn ical Engineering,1999,21(5):591~594.
[10]四川省地理研究所.1976年5月29日龙陵地震滑坡调查报告[R],1976.S ichuan Institute of Geography.F ield work of Longling Earth-quake-induced landslides,May 29th.1976.
[11]单新建.遥感技术和地理信息系统在地质环境评价中的集成应用[D].中国地震局地质研究所学位论文.1999.Shan X in jian.Integration and Application of Remote Sensing andGeograph ical information System Technology for the Evalution ofGeological Envirom ent.Institute of Geology.CEA.1999.
[12]R.P.Gupta and B.C.Josh i.Landslide hazard Zon ing using theG IS approach-a case study from the Ramgamga Catchm ent,H i-malayas[J].Engineering Geology,1990,28:119~131.
[13]RandallW.Jibson,Edw in L.Harp,and John A.M ichael..AM ethod for producing d igital probab ilistic seism ic landslide hazardmaps:An example from the Los Angeles[M].Californ ia Area.U.S.Geological Survey,1998.
[14]韩文峰,宋畅,梁庆国.极震区的地震动与潜在震源区内重大工程安全[J].工程地质学报,2004,12(4):346~353.Han W enfeng,Song Chang,L iang Q ingguo.Strong ground motionatm eizoseismal area&safety of important engineering projects atpotential earthquake region.Journal of Engineering Geology,2004,12(4):346~353.
[15]郑先昌,杨峥.武汉地区地震效应影响研究[J].工程地质学报,2004,12(1):87~92.Zheng X ianchang,Yang Zheng.Study on the influence of earth-quake in W uhan area.Journal of Engineering Geology,2004,12(1):87~92.
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