四川地震灾区灾后一年农村小兽监测报告
摘要
为了了解四川汶川5.12大地震后灾区害鼠的种群数量变化和群落演替,预防鼠传疫病的发生,指导灾后的媒介生物控制和鼠源疫病防控。从2008年6月至2009年6月,每月对重灾区的都江堰、彭州、什邡、绵竹、北川和汶川6地灾区进行1次小兽(鼠情)监测。选择农田和村庄2种主要生境,采用夹日法进行调查。其中农田生境的捕获率达7.35%,主要捕获到啮齿目(Rodentia)和食虫目(Insectivora)两类,其中啮齿目为1.49%,食虫目鼩鼱科(Soricidae)为5.86%。捕获的种类有褐家鼠(Rattus norvegicus)、大足鼠(Rattus nitidus)、黄胸鼠(Rattus tanezumi)、小家鼠(Mus musculus)、黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarias)、巢鼠(Micromys minutus)、针毛鼠(Niviventer fulvescens)、四川短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes)与臭鼩(Suncus Murinus)。村庄区域的捕获率为12.50%,主要捕获的亦是食虫目鼩鼱科的四川短尾鼩,高达10.02%,啮齿目的捕获率为2.48%。捕获的种类有褐家鼠、黄胸鼠、小家鼠和四川短尾鼩。结果表明,经过灾后的各种控制措施,鼠害得到有效的控制,啮齿目种类的捕获率基本低于3%。但食虫目鼩鼱科的捕获率较高,特别是都江堰、彭州、什邡、绵竹四地的四川短尾鼩种群数量高于已有报道的同期水平,并维持较高的繁殖力,且大量进入房舍区域。另外,黑线姬鼠的繁殖率也不低。需密切关注四川短尾鼩和黑线姬鼠种群动态趋势。据以往类似研究结果,结合初步调查数据和从控制鼠传疾病的角度考虑,灾区鼠情的监测要有中长期的思想准备,至少持续3a以上时间。
To provide information on population dynamics and community succession of disease vectors(including Insectivora and Rodentia)after the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan China,we conducted regular surveys of small mammals.Small mammals in farmland and residential areas were collected with snap-traps every month in Dujiangyan,Pengzhou,Shifang,Mianzhu,Beichuan and Wenchuan,areas near the earthquake epicenter and that sustained serious damage.From 15933 traps,we collected 1171 small mammals in farmland for 13 months after June 2008.The animals trapped belonged two categories:Rodentia(the trap success was 1.49%)and Soricidae of Insectivora(the trap success was 5.86%).Anourosorex squamipes was the dominant species in Dujiangyan,Pengzhou,Shifang and Mianzhu.Apedomus agrarius was the dominant species in Beichuan and Wenchuan.Rattus norvegicus,Rattus nitidus,Rattus tanezumi,Mus musculus,Micromys minutes,Niviventer fulvescens and Suncus murinus were also trapped.From 1696 traps set in residential areas,we trapped 212 animals.(the trap success was 12.50%).A.squamipes was also the dominant species(the trap success was 10.02%),followed by R.tanezumi,M.musculus,R.norvegicus and R.nitidus.Because of intense application of rodenticide after the earthquake,the densities of Rodentia both in farmland and in residential areas were low.However,the densities of Soricidae were still high.Moreover,the numbers of pregnant females of two dominant species(A.squamipes and A.agrarius)were high,especially A.squamipes.According to these and other surveys,which show short-term effects of the earthquake and of intensive application of anticoagulant on rodent populations,surveys will likely need to be carried out for more than three years in the earthquake area.
To provide information on population dynamics and community succession of disease vectors(including Insectivora and Rodentia)after the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan China,we conducted regular surveys of small mammals.Small mammals in farmland and residential areas were collected with snap-traps every month in Dujiangyan,Pengzhou,Shifang,Mianzhu,Beichuan and Wenchuan,areas near the earthquake epicenter and that sustained serious damage.From 15933 traps,we collected 1171 small mammals in farmland for 13 months after June 2008.The animals trapped belonged two categories:Rodentia(the trap success was 1.49%)and Soricidae of Insectivora(the trap success was 5.86%).Anourosorex squamipes was the dominant species in Dujiangyan,Pengzhou,Shifang and Mianzhu.Apedomus agrarius was the dominant species in Beichuan and Wenchuan.Rattus norvegicus,Rattus nitidus,Rattus tanezumi,Mus musculus,Micromys minutes,Niviventer fulvescens and Suncus murinus were also trapped.From 1696 traps set in residential areas,we trapped 212 animals.(the trap success was 12.50%).A.squamipes was also the dominant species(the trap success was 10.02%),followed by R.tanezumi,M.musculus,R.norvegicus and R.nitidus.Because of intense application of rodenticide after the earthquake,the densities of Rodentia both in farmland and in residential areas were low.However,the densities of Soricidae were still high.Moreover,the numbers of pregnant females of two dominant species(A.squamipes and A.agrarius)were high,especially A.squamipes.According to these and other surveys,which show short-term effects of the earthquake and of intensive application of anticoagulant on rodent populations,surveys will likely need to be carried out for more than three years in the earthquake area.
引文
[1]Zhen Z M,Chen A G.Chapter one General introduction∥Zhen Z M,Jiang Z K,Chen,A G eds.Conspectus of Glires.Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press,2008:1-14.
[2]Jiang F,Xu X,Luo L M,Yin Y,Luo H H,Xiao X B,Yuan C H,Wang J Q,Zhao L L.Study on the Biological characteristics of the mouse AnourosorexsquamipesMilne-Edwards.Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,1999,21(5):460-464.
[3]Jiang G Z,Ni J Y,Tan X H.Study on the population dynamics ofAnourosorexsquamipesfrom Sichuan province.Acta Theriologica Sinica,1990,10(4):294-298.
[4]Tan X H,Jiang G Z,Ni J Y.On the population character and its dynamics ofApodemus agrariusin Sichuan,China.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,1991,4(4):80-83.
[5]Health and Anti-Epidemic Station of Sichuan Province.Biological characters ofApodemus agrarius∥Study Report on Rodents Biology and Control(Third volume).Beijing:Science Press,1978:75-79.
[6]Luo HH,Wang J Q,Hu Y H,Li J W,Chen S F,Yuan C H.Preliminary study on the population ecology ofApodemus agrariusPallas.Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,1990,12(2):133-136.
[7]Zhang M,Wang K,Wang Y,Guo C,Li B,Huang H.Recovery of a rodent community in an agro-ecosystem after flooding.Journal of Zoology,2007,272(2):138-147.
[8]Zhang MW,Wang K L,Wang Y,Guo C,Li B.Population dynamics of rodents after flood in middle reaches of the Yangtze river.Chinese Journal of Applied.Environmental Biology,2004,10(2):184-188.
[9]Zhang MW,Wang K L,Wang Y,Guo C,Li B.The effect of flooding on the rodent community in the Dongting Lake region.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(6):1212-1218.
[10]Zhang MW,Wang Y,Li B,Guo C,Chen A G.Impact of anticoagulant rodenticide on rodent communities in agroecosystem in Yangtze Valley.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2003,23(2):320-329.
[11]Zhang MW,Wang Y,Li B,Guo C,Chen A G.The population recovery of rodent pests after application of anticoagulant in agro-ecosystem in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze Valley.Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,2004,31(3):311-319.
[12]Wang C X.Important trends of rodent control at the present time.China Journal of Vector Biology and Control,2005,16(4):245-248.
[1]郑智民,陈安国.第一章导论∥郑智民,姜志宽,陈安国主编.啮齿动物学.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2008:1-14.
[2]蒋凡,徐翔,罗林明,尹勇,罗怀海,肖祥斌,袁春花,汪继全,赵兰翎.四川短尾鼩生物学研究.西南农业大学学报,1999,21(5):460-464.
[3]蒋光藻,倪健英,谭向红.四川短尾鼩(Anourosorexsquamipes)种群动态研究.兽类学报,l990,10(4):294-298.
[4]谭向红,蒋光藻,倪健英.黑线姬鼠种群特征及数量变动规律研究.西南农业学报,1991,4(4):80-83.
[5]四川省卫生防疫站.黑线姬鼠的生物学资料.灭鼠和鼠类生物学研究报告,第三集.北京:科学出版社,1978:75-79.
[6]罗会华,汪济全,胡玉华,李俊维,陈顺福,袁春花.黑线姬鼠种群生态研究.西南农业大学学报,1990,12(2):133-136.
[8]张美文,王克林,王勇,郭聪,李波.长江中游农区洪涝灾害后鼠类数量动态.应用与环境生物学报,2004,10(2):184-188.
[9]张美文,王克林,王勇,郭聪,李波.洞庭湖区洪灾淹没区鼠类群落结构恢复的生态过程.生态学报,2004,24(6):1212-1218.
[10]张美文,王勇,李波,郭聪,陈安国.化学灭鼠对长江流域农区鼠类群落结构的影响.生态学报,2003,23(2):320-329.
[11]张美文,王勇,李波,郭聪,陈安国.长江中下游稻区毒饵灭鼠后害鼠种群数量的变化.植物保护学报,2004,31(3):311-319.
[12]汪诚信.当前鼠害治理领域的重要动向.中国媒介生物学及其控制杂志,2005,16(4):245-248.
[2]Jiang F,Xu X,Luo L M,Yin Y,Luo H H,Xiao X B,Yuan C H,Wang J Q,Zhao L L.Study on the Biological characteristics of the mouse AnourosorexsquamipesMilne-Edwards.Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,1999,21(5):460-464.
[3]Jiang G Z,Ni J Y,Tan X H.Study on the population dynamics ofAnourosorexsquamipesfrom Sichuan province.Acta Theriologica Sinica,1990,10(4):294-298.
[4]Tan X H,Jiang G Z,Ni J Y.On the population character and its dynamics ofApodemus agrariusin Sichuan,China.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,1991,4(4):80-83.
[5]Health and Anti-Epidemic Station of Sichuan Province.Biological characters ofApodemus agrarius∥Study Report on Rodents Biology and Control(Third volume).Beijing:Science Press,1978:75-79.
[6]Luo HH,Wang J Q,Hu Y H,Li J W,Chen S F,Yuan C H.Preliminary study on the population ecology ofApodemus agrariusPallas.Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,1990,12(2):133-136.
[7]Zhang M,Wang K,Wang Y,Guo C,Li B,Huang H.Recovery of a rodent community in an agro-ecosystem after flooding.Journal of Zoology,2007,272(2):138-147.
[8]Zhang MW,Wang K L,Wang Y,Guo C,Li B.Population dynamics of rodents after flood in middle reaches of the Yangtze river.Chinese Journal of Applied.Environmental Biology,2004,10(2):184-188.
[9]Zhang MW,Wang K L,Wang Y,Guo C,Li B.The effect of flooding on the rodent community in the Dongting Lake region.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(6):1212-1218.
[10]Zhang MW,Wang Y,Li B,Guo C,Chen A G.Impact of anticoagulant rodenticide on rodent communities in agroecosystem in Yangtze Valley.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2003,23(2):320-329.
[11]Zhang MW,Wang Y,Li B,Guo C,Chen A G.The population recovery of rodent pests after application of anticoagulant in agro-ecosystem in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze Valley.Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,2004,31(3):311-319.
[12]Wang C X.Important trends of rodent control at the present time.China Journal of Vector Biology and Control,2005,16(4):245-248.
[1]郑智民,陈安国.第一章导论∥郑智民,姜志宽,陈安国主编.啮齿动物学.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2008:1-14.
[2]蒋凡,徐翔,罗林明,尹勇,罗怀海,肖祥斌,袁春花,汪继全,赵兰翎.四川短尾鼩生物学研究.西南农业大学学报,1999,21(5):460-464.
[3]蒋光藻,倪健英,谭向红.四川短尾鼩(Anourosorexsquamipes)种群动态研究.兽类学报,l990,10(4):294-298.
[4]谭向红,蒋光藻,倪健英.黑线姬鼠种群特征及数量变动规律研究.西南农业学报,1991,4(4):80-83.
[5]四川省卫生防疫站.黑线姬鼠的生物学资料.灭鼠和鼠类生物学研究报告,第三集.北京:科学出版社,1978:75-79.
[6]罗会华,汪济全,胡玉华,李俊维,陈顺福,袁春花.黑线姬鼠种群生态研究.西南农业大学学报,1990,12(2):133-136.
[8]张美文,王克林,王勇,郭聪,李波.长江中游农区洪涝灾害后鼠类数量动态.应用与环境生物学报,2004,10(2):184-188.
[9]张美文,王克林,王勇,郭聪,李波.洞庭湖区洪灾淹没区鼠类群落结构恢复的生态过程.生态学报,2004,24(6):1212-1218.
[10]张美文,王勇,李波,郭聪,陈安国.化学灭鼠对长江流域农区鼠类群落结构的影响.生态学报,2003,23(2):320-329.
[11]张美文,王勇,李波,郭聪,陈安国.长江中下游稻区毒饵灭鼠后害鼠种群数量的变化.植物保护学报,2004,31(3):311-319.
[12]汪诚信.当前鼠害治理领域的重要动向.中国媒介生物学及其控制杂志,2005,16(4):245-248.
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