北川地震灾区农田鼠类种群动态初步调查
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摘要
目的调查北川地震灾区的鼠类种群、密度及其动态变化,监测北川新县城的鼠类种群动态。方法 2009年7、10月和2010年1、4月,采用夹夜法在地震重灾区绵阳市北川农田进行鼠类种群动态调查。结果 2009年7月捕获鼠形动物44只,隶属2科4属4种,密度为20.66%,雌雄比为1:0.87,雌鼠怀孕率为50.00%,平均胚胎数为3.6个;2009年10月捕获鼠形动物28只,隶属2科2属2种,密度为16.47%,雌雄比为1:1,雌鼠怀孕率为25.00%,平均胚胎数为3.0个;2010年1月捕获鼠形动物8只,隶属2科2属2种,密度为4.00%,雌雄比为1:0.33,雌鼠怀孕率为0,平均胚胎数为0个;2010年4月捕获鼠形动物18只,隶属2科2属2种,密度为8.37%,雌雄比为1:0.64,雌鼠怀孕率为71.43%,平均胚胎数为4.0个。4次捕获鼠形动物均以四川短尾鼩为优势种。结论不同月份农田间鼠形动物密度随着季节变化而消长,可能受季节、气温变化,农作物生长状况,鼠类动物繁殖时间等因素影响,加之大地震对鼠类活动异常的影响。
Objective To investigate the population and density of rodents and their dynamics in farmland in the earthquake-stricken area of Beichuan county and the new Beichuan county.Methods The night trapping method was used for the investigation into farmland rodent population dynamics in Beichuan earthquake-stricken area in July,October,2009 and in January,April,2010.Results In July,2009,44 small mammals were captured,which belonged to 2 families,4 genera and 4 species.The rodent density and sex ratio,the pregnant rate of female rodents and the average number of embryos was 20.66%,1:0.87,50.00% and 3.6,respectively.In October,2009,28 individuals were trapped,which belonged to 2 families,2 genera,2 species.The population density,the sex ratio,the rate of pregnant female rodents and the average number of embryos were 16.47%,1:1,25.00% and 3.0,respectively.In January,2010,8 individuals belonging to 2 families,2 genera and 2 species were captured.The parameters were 4.00%,1:0.33,0 and 0,respectively.In April,2010,18 individuals were caught,which belonged to 2 families,2 genera and 2 species.The parameters were 8.37%,1:0.64,71.43% and 4.0,respectively.Anourosorex squamipes was the dominant species in all the investigation.Conclusion Farmland rodent density in Beichuan county fluctuated with seasons,which may be influenced by changes in seasons and temperature,crop growth status,rodent breeding time and the impact of the massive and disastrous earthquake.
Objective To investigate the population and density of rodents and their dynamics in farmland in the earthquake-stricken area of Beichuan county and the new Beichuan county.Methods The night trapping method was used for the investigation into farmland rodent population dynamics in Beichuan earthquake-stricken area in July,October,2009 and in January,April,2010.Results In July,2009,44 small mammals were captured,which belonged to 2 families,4 genera and 4 species.The rodent density and sex ratio,the pregnant rate of female rodents and the average number of embryos was 20.66%,1:0.87,50.00% and 3.6,respectively.In October,2009,28 individuals were trapped,which belonged to 2 families,2 genera,2 species.The population density,the sex ratio,the rate of pregnant female rodents and the average number of embryos were 16.47%,1:1,25.00% and 3.0,respectively.In January,2010,8 individuals belonging to 2 families,2 genera and 2 species were captured.The parameters were 4.00%,1:0.33,0 and 0,respectively.In April,2010,18 individuals were caught,which belonged to 2 families,2 genera and 2 species.The parameters were 8.37%,1:0.64,71.43% and 4.0,respectively.Anourosorex squamipes was the dominant species in all the investigation.Conclusion Farmland rodent density in Beichuan county fluctuated with seasons,which may be influenced by changes in seasons and temperature,crop growth status,rodent breeding time and the impact of the massive and disastrous earthquake.
引文
[1]孙伯超,叶建海.盐城市居民区拆改前后家栖鼠群落结构及鼠密度变化的调查[J].交通医学,2002,16(5):471-472.
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[3]张美文,王克林,王勇,等.长江中游农区洪涝灾害后鼠类数量动态[J].应用与环境生物学报,2004,10(2):184-188.
[4]Haim A,Lzhaki I,Golan A.Rodent species diversity in pine forestsr ecovering from fire[J].Israel J Zool,1996,42(4):353-359.
[5]Vieira EM.Small mammal communities and fire in the BrazilianC erradp[J].J Zool,1999,249(1):75-81.
[6]庄凯勋,乔德,初德志.特大林火后鼠类监测调查及综合防治[J].东北林业大学学报,2001,29(4):29-33.
[7]赵天飙,周立志,张忠兵,等.大沙鼠种群年龄结构的季节变化和繁殖特征[J].动物学杂志,2005,40(6):108-113.
[8]葛军旗,李镜辉,马永康.家鼠型鼠疫监测指标[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2005,16(5):400-402.
[9]施伟韬.江西省20052008年鼠害发生动态分析[J].江西植保,2009,32(2):94-96.
[10]周旭东,张永军,黄健,等.新疆甘家湖自然保护区啮齿动物群落结构与时间动态分析[J].动物学杂志,2004,39(6):58-61.
[11]李希近.19881998年滇西南地区鼠疫与地震关系浅析[J].中国地方病防治杂志,2001,16(2):116-118.
[12]张知彬.欧洲的旅鼠和田鼠种群暴发与厄尔尼诺南方涛动的关系研究[J].科学通报,2001,46(3):197-204.
[13]Adler GH.Imapacts of resource abundance on populations of at ropical forest rodent[J].Ecology,1998,79(1):242-254.
[14]Doonan TJ,Slade NA.Effects of supplemental food on populationd ynamics of Cotton rats,Sigmodon hispidus[J].Ecology,1995,76(3):814-826.
[15]Humphries MM,Boutin S.The determinants of optimal litter size inf reeranging red squirrels[J].Ecology,2000,81(10):2867-2877.
[16]Morris DW.Paradoxical avoidance of enriched habitats:have wef ailed to appreciate omnivores[J].Ecology,2005,86(10):2568-2577.
[17]蒋光藻,倪建英,谭向红.四川短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes)种群动态研究[J].兽类学报,1990,10(4):294-298.
[18]杨孔.蚤类生态特征与鼠疫传播[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2009,20(6):610-612.
[2]彭何碧,张希昆,何晋侯.1998年云南省鼠疫流行动态及流行病学分析[J].地方病通报,1999,14(2):23-24.
[3]张美文,王克林,王勇,等.长江中游农区洪涝灾害后鼠类数量动态[J].应用与环境生物学报,2004,10(2):184-188.
[4]Haim A,Lzhaki I,Golan A.Rodent species diversity in pine forestsr ecovering from fire[J].Israel J Zool,1996,42(4):353-359.
[5]Vieira EM.Small mammal communities and fire in the BrazilianC erradp[J].J Zool,1999,249(1):75-81.
[6]庄凯勋,乔德,初德志.特大林火后鼠类监测调查及综合防治[J].东北林业大学学报,2001,29(4):29-33.
[7]赵天飙,周立志,张忠兵,等.大沙鼠种群年龄结构的季节变化和繁殖特征[J].动物学杂志,2005,40(6):108-113.
[8]葛军旗,李镜辉,马永康.家鼠型鼠疫监测指标[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2005,16(5):400-402.
[9]施伟韬.江西省20052008年鼠害发生动态分析[J].江西植保,2009,32(2):94-96.
[10]周旭东,张永军,黄健,等.新疆甘家湖自然保护区啮齿动物群落结构与时间动态分析[J].动物学杂志,2004,39(6):58-61.
[11]李希近.19881998年滇西南地区鼠疫与地震关系浅析[J].中国地方病防治杂志,2001,16(2):116-118.
[12]张知彬.欧洲的旅鼠和田鼠种群暴发与厄尔尼诺南方涛动的关系研究[J].科学通报,2001,46(3):197-204.
[13]Adler GH.Imapacts of resource abundance on populations of at ropical forest rodent[J].Ecology,1998,79(1):242-254.
[14]Doonan TJ,Slade NA.Effects of supplemental food on populationd ynamics of Cotton rats,Sigmodon hispidus[J].Ecology,1995,76(3):814-826.
[15]Humphries MM,Boutin S.The determinants of optimal litter size inf reeranging red squirrels[J].Ecology,2000,81(10):2867-2877.
[16]Morris DW.Paradoxical avoidance of enriched habitats:have wef ailed to appreciate omnivores[J].Ecology,2005,86(10):2568-2577.
[17]蒋光藻,倪建英,谭向红.四川短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes)种群动态研究[J].兽类学报,1990,10(4):294-298.
[18]杨孔.蚤类生态特征与鼠疫传播[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2009,20(6):610-612.
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