基于GIS和USLE的汶川地震后理县土壤侵蚀特征及分析
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摘要
为了较准确地评估汶川地震后理县的土壤侵蚀状况,该研究结合GIS、RS、USLE(universal soil loss equation)定量地分析了汶川地震灾区理县的潜在土壤侵蚀和实际土壤侵蚀状况,并对地震前后土壤侵蚀量做了简要的对比分析,并且从坡度、坡向、土地利用类型、高程4个方面系统地研究了不同侵蚀强度区的面积和土壤侵蚀量的变化。研究结果表明:震后理县全年土壤侵蚀量达844.46万t/a,平均侵蚀量为1957.79t/(km2·a),属于轻度侵蚀,相比地震前轻度侵蚀、强度侵蚀、极强度侵蚀区域面积都有很大增长,有林地、坡度≥30°～50°、海拔≥2000～3000m、坡向为南坡、西坡的地带土壤侵蚀比较严重。该研究为理县震后土壤侵蚀的预防和治理工作提供了很好的依据。
In order to more accurately evaluate soil erosion of Li country,Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area,Sichuan province,potential and actual soil erosion was qualitatively analyzed using the combination method of GIS,RS and USLE,and a brief comparison of soil erosion before and after earthquake was conducted.Moreover,changes of soil erosion area about different erosion intensity and the soil erosion amount were studied from four aspects,including slope,slope aspect,land use patterns and elevation.The results showed that soil erosion in Li country amounted to 844.46 million tons in the whole year and the average soil erosion was 1957.79 t/(km 2.a),belonging to the moderate erosion.Compared with before earthquake,the areas of soil erosion were enlarged in mild,intensive and extreme regions especially at the region with slope more than 30-50 degree,altitude more than 2000-3000 m,as well as aspect of south and west slope.Further,the results provide a better basis for the reconstruction and the conservation of the soil erosion in Li country.
In order to more accurately evaluate soil erosion of Li country,Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area,Sichuan province,potential and actual soil erosion was qualitatively analyzed using the combination method of GIS,RS and USLE,and a brief comparison of soil erosion before and after earthquake was conducted.Moreover,changes of soil erosion area about different erosion intensity and the soil erosion amount were studied from four aspects,including slope,slope aspect,land use patterns and elevation.The results showed that soil erosion in Li country amounted to 844.46 million tons in the whole year and the average soil erosion was 1957.79 t/(km 2.a),belonging to the moderate erosion.Compared with before earthquake,the areas of soil erosion were enlarged in mild,intensive and extreme regions especially at the region with slope more than 30-50 degree,altitude more than 2000-3000 m,as well as aspect of south and west slope.Further,the results provide a better basis for the reconstruction and the conservation of the soil erosion in Li country.
引文
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[18]潘美慧,伍永秋,任斐鹏,等.基于USLE的东江流域土壤侵蚀量估算[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(12):21552161.Pan Meihui,Wu Yongqiu,Ren Feipeng,et al.Estimating soil erosion in the Dongjiang River basin based on USLE[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2010,25(12):2155-2161.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]胥彦玲,李怀恩.基于USLE的黑河流域非典源污染定量研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2006,34(3):139-142.Xu Yanling,Li Huai'en.Estimate on pollution loadings of nitrogen and phosphorus based on USLE in Heihe river watershed[J].Journal of Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry:Natural Science Edition,2006,34(3):139-142.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]Mccool D K,Foster G R,Mutchler C K,et al.Revised slope length factor for the universal soil loss equation[J].Transactions of American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1989,32(5):1571-1576.
[21]Veihe A,Quinton J N,Poesen,et al.Sensitivity analysis ofEUROSEM using monte carlo simulation:II The effects of rills and rock fragments[J].Hydrological Processes,2000,15(6):927-939.
[22]Smith R E,Goodrich.Dynamic distributed simulation ofwatershed erosion:KINEROS II and EUROSEM[J].Journalof Soil and Water Conservation,1995,50(4):517520.
[23]马超飞,马建文,布和敖斯尔.USLE模型中植被覆盖因子的遥感数据定量估算[J].水土保持通报,2001,21(4):7-9.Ma Chaofei,Ma Jianwen,Buhe Aosaier.Quantitative assessment of vegetation coverage factor in USLE model using remote sensing data[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,21(4):7-9.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]刘玉安,黄波,程涛,等.基于像元二分模型的淮河上游植被覆盖度遥感研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(1):94-96.Liu Yu'an,Huang Bo,Cheng Tao,et al.Vegetation coverage in Upper Huaihe River Basin based on binary pixel model of remote sensing[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,32(1):94-96.
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[26]游松财,李文卿.GIS支持下的土壤侵蚀量估算:以江西省泰和县灌溪乡为例[J].自然资源学报,1999,14(1):6268.You Songcai,Li Wenqing.Estimation of soil erosion supported by GIS:A case study in GuanJi Township,TaiHe,JiangXi.[J].Journal of Natural Resources,1999,14(1):62-68.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]周斌,杨柏林,洪业汤,等.基于GIS的岩溶地区水土流失遥感定量监测研究:以贵州省安顺市为例[J].矿物学报,2000,20(1):13-21.Zhou Bin,Yang Bailin,Hong Yetang,et al.Study on quantitative remote sensing of soil erosion in Karst area based on GIS:As exemplified by AnShun City,GuiZhou[J].Acta Minerallogica Sinica,2000,20(1):13-21.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]王万中,焦菊英.中国的土壤侵蚀因子定量评价研究[J].水土保持通报,1996,16(5):1-20.Wang Wanzhong,Jiao Juying.Qutantitative evaluation on factors influencing soil erosion in China[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,1996,16(5):1-20.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[2]赵琰鑫,张万顺,王艳,等.基于3S技术和USLE的深圳市茜坑水库流域土壤侵蚀强度预测研究[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2007,2(3):24-27.Zhao Yanxin,Zhang Wanshun,Wang Yan,et al.Soil erosion intensity prediction b on3S technology and the USLE:A case from Qiankeng Reservoir Basin in Shenzhen[J].Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment,2007,2(3):2427.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]Cochrane T A,Flanagan D C.Assessing water erosion in small watersheds using WEPP with GIS and digital elevation models[J].Soil and Water Conservation,1999,54(4):678-685.
[4]Flanagan D C,Nearing M A.Sediment particle sorting on hill slope profiles in the WEPP model[J].Trans Am Soc Agric Eng,2000,43(3):573-583.
[5]Liu B Y,Nearing M A.The WEPP watershed model:III.Comparisons to measured data from small watersheds[J].Trans Am Soc of Agric Eng,1997,40(4):945-951.
[6]徐炯新,孙季.无定河水土保持措施减沙效益的临界现象及意义[J].水科学进展,2006,17(5):611-615.Xu Jiongxin,Sun Ji.Threshold phenomenon of sediment reduction beneficials from soil-water conservation measures in the Wudinghe river[J].Advances in Water Science,2006,17(5):611-615.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]陆建忠,陈晓玲,李辉,等.基于GIS/RS和USLE鄱阳湖流域土壤侵蚀变化[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):337-344.Lu Jianzhong,Chen Xiaoling,Li Hui,et al.Soil erosion changes based on GIS/RS and USLE in Poyang Lake basin[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2011,27(2):337344.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]张岩,刘宪春,李智广,等.利用侵蚀模型普查黄土高原土壤侵蚀状况[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(10):165-170.Zhang Yan,Liu Xianchun,Li Zhiguang,et al.Surveying soil erosion condition in Loess Plateau using soil erosion model[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of AgriculturalEngineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(10):165170.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]王瑶,刘前进,于兴修.沂蒙山区土壤侵蚀垂直景观格局的分形特征[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(11):304-309.Wang Yao,Liu Qianjin,Yu Xingxiu.Fractal characteristics of vertical landscape of soil erosion in the Yimeng mountainous area[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2010,26(11):304-309.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]高佩玲,雷廷武.小流域土壤侵蚀动态过程模拟模型[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(10):45-50.Gao Peiling,Lei Tingwu.Dynamic process simulation model for soil erosion of small-scale watershed system[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2010,26(11):4550.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]朱惇,王天巍,蔡崇法,等.基于模糊神经系统与GIS的区域土壤侵蚀快速评价[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(1),103-107.Zhu Dun,Wang Tianwei,Cai Chongfa,et al.Rapid assessment of regional soil erosion based on fuzzy neural system and GIS[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2010,26(1),103-107.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]苏正安,张建辉,聂小军.紫色土坡耕地土壤物理性质空间变异对土壤侵蚀的响应[J].农业工程学报,2009,22(5):54-60.Su Zheng’an,Zhang Jianhui,Nie Xiaojun.Response of spatial variability of soil physical properties to soil erosion in purple soil slope farmland[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2009,22(5):54-60.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]Lei Tingwu,Zhang Qingwen,Pan Yinghua,et al.Theoretical analysis and experimental verification of soil detachment rate equation of rill erosion in WEPP[C]//ASAE AnnualInternational Meeting,Riviera Hotel and ConventionCenter,Las Vegas,Nevada,USA,2003,7.
[14]张建平,樊宏,叶延琼.岷江上游土壤侵蚀及其防治对策[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(5):19-22.Zhang Jianping,Fan Hong,Ye Yanqiong.Studies on soil erosion and countermeasures in upper reaches of Minjiang River[J].Journal of Soil Water Conservation,2002,16(5):19-22.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]许月卿,蔡运龙.贵州省猫跳河流域土壤侵蚀量计算及其背景空间分析[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(5):51-54.Xu Yueqing,Cai Yunlong.Estimation of soil erosion and its spatial analysis in Maotiaohe watershed,Guizhou Province[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2006,22(5):51-54.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]肖寒,欧阳志云,王效科,等.GIS支持下的海南岛土壤侵蚀空间分布特征[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1999,5(4):76-80.Xiao Han,Ouyang Zhiyun,Wang Xiaoke,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in Hainan Island byGIS[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1999,5(4):76-80.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]谢媛媛,余新晓,张满良.基于GIS的桥子沟流域土壤侵蚀初步分析[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(5):264-267.Xie Yuanyuan,Yu Xinxiao,Zhang Manliang.Primary analysis of soil erosion intensity in Qiaozigou watershed based on GIS[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(5):264-267.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]潘美慧,伍永秋,任斐鹏,等.基于USLE的东江流域土壤侵蚀量估算[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(12):21552161.Pan Meihui,Wu Yongqiu,Ren Feipeng,et al.Estimating soil erosion in the Dongjiang River basin based on USLE[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2010,25(12):2155-2161.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]胥彦玲,李怀恩.基于USLE的黑河流域非典源污染定量研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2006,34(3):139-142.Xu Yanling,Li Huai'en.Estimate on pollution loadings of nitrogen and phosphorus based on USLE in Heihe river watershed[J].Journal of Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry:Natural Science Edition,2006,34(3):139-142.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]Mccool D K,Foster G R,Mutchler C K,et al.Revised slope length factor for the universal soil loss equation[J].Transactions of American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1989,32(5):1571-1576.
[21]Veihe A,Quinton J N,Poesen,et al.Sensitivity analysis ofEUROSEM using monte carlo simulation:II The effects of rills and rock fragments[J].Hydrological Processes,2000,15(6):927-939.
[22]Smith R E,Goodrich.Dynamic distributed simulation ofwatershed erosion:KINEROS II and EUROSEM[J].Journalof Soil and Water Conservation,1995,50(4):517520.
[23]马超飞,马建文,布和敖斯尔.USLE模型中植被覆盖因子的遥感数据定量估算[J].水土保持通报,2001,21(4):7-9.Ma Chaofei,Ma Jianwen,Buhe Aosaier.Quantitative assessment of vegetation coverage factor in USLE model using remote sensing data[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,21(4):7-9.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]刘玉安,黄波,程涛,等.基于像元二分模型的淮河上游植被覆盖度遥感研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(1):94-96.Liu Yu'an,Huang Bo,Cheng Tao,et al.Vegetation coverage in Upper Huaihe River Basin based on binary pixel model of remote sensing[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,32(1):94-96.
[25]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.Cai Chongfa,Ding Shuwen,Shi Zhihua,et al.Study of applying USLE and geographical information system IDRISIto predict soil erosion in small watershed[J].Journal of Soil Water Conservation,2000,14(2):19-24.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]游松财,李文卿.GIS支持下的土壤侵蚀量估算:以江西省泰和县灌溪乡为例[J].自然资源学报,1999,14(1):6268.You Songcai,Li Wenqing.Estimation of soil erosion supported by GIS:A case study in GuanJi Township,TaiHe,JiangXi.[J].Journal of Natural Resources,1999,14(1):62-68.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]周斌,杨柏林,洪业汤,等.基于GIS的岩溶地区水土流失遥感定量监测研究:以贵州省安顺市为例[J].矿物学报,2000,20(1):13-21.Zhou Bin,Yang Bailin,Hong Yetang,et al.Study on quantitative remote sensing of soil erosion in Karst area based on GIS:As exemplified by AnShun City,GuiZhou[J].Acta Minerallogica Sinica,2000,20(1):13-21.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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