汶川地震前后重灾区水土流失变化特征初步分析
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摘要
5.12汶川地震诱发大量的崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等新生水土流失问题,具有扰动强度大、影响范围广、破坏程度高等显著特点,水土流失状况加剧,已严重威胁震区社会经济与生态环境的可持续发展。通过采用统计分析方法,探讨地震前后不同生态系统类型的水土流失变化特征。结果显示,震后重灾区轻度水土流失面积比重呈降低趋势,中度和重度水土流失面积比重呈增加趋势。究其原因,震后重灾区农田、草地、森林生态系统的不同等级水土流失面积间存在一种动态转化关系,即轻度水土流失类型向中度和重度水土流失类型转化;相较于震区水土流失面积变化幅度而言,震后水土流失的程度和强度显著增加。
Series of soil and water loss(SWL) problems,such as landslip,debris flow,and collapse,occurred due to "5.12 Wenchuan earthquake",which were characterized by high disturbance,extensive influence,and big destruction.The severe SWL had seriously threatened the sustainable development of society and environment in the earthquake area.On the basis of this,by adopting statistics method,this paper analyzes the soil loss change before and after Wenchuan earthquake.The results show that: the mild SWL area of farmland,grassland and forest ecosystem in the heavy earthquake area presents decrease tendency after earthquake,and moderate and severe SWL have increase tendency.After earthquake there exists dynamic transformation in different SWL grades,and mild SWL would change into moderate and severe SWL.Compared with the change of SWL area in earthquake area,after earthquake,the degree and intensity of SWL in the heavy earthquake area have a distinct increase.
Series of soil and water loss(SWL) problems,such as landslip,debris flow,and collapse,occurred due to "5.12 Wenchuan earthquake",which were characterized by high disturbance,extensive influence,and big destruction.The severe SWL had seriously threatened the sustainable development of society and environment in the earthquake area.On the basis of this,by adopting statistics method,this paper analyzes the soil loss change before and after Wenchuan earthquake.The results show that: the mild SWL area of farmland,grassland and forest ecosystem in the heavy earthquake area presents decrease tendency after earthquake,and moderate and severe SWL have increase tendency.After earthquake there exists dynamic transformation in different SWL grades,and mild SWL would change into moderate and severe SWL.Compared with the change of SWL area in earthquake area,after earthquake,the degree and intensity of SWL in the heavy earthquake area have a distinct increase.
引文
①《什邡市水利局关于“5.12”地震后水土保持工作情况汇报》,什邡市水利局,2010年1月8日。
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[7]张春敏,王根绪.汶川大地震灾害对区域生态系统的影响——以青川、平武和茂县为例[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):5833-5841.(ZHANG Chun-Min,WANG Gen-xu.Impacts of Wenchuan Earthquake disas-ters on ecosystem and its spatial pattern:case study ofQingchuan,Pingwu and Maoxian counties[J].Acta Eco-logica Sinica,2008,28(12):5833-5841.(in Chi-nese))
[8]赵芹,卿太明,曹叔尤.汶川特大地震对四川水土流失的影响及其经济损失评估[J].中国水土保持,2009,(3):5-8.(ZHAO Qin,QING Tai-ming,CAOShu-you.Influence of the Wenchuan Earthquake to soiland water loss of Sichuan and its economic loss evaluation[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,2009,(3):5-8.(in Chinese))
[9]赵祥润,卿太明.汶川地震对我省水土保持生态环境建设的影响[J].四川水利,2008,(5):26-28.(ZHAO Xiang-run,QING Tai-ming.Impact of Wen-chuan Earthquake on soil-water conservation and ecosys-tem recovery in Sichuan Province[J].Sichuan WaterConservancy,2008,(5):26-28.(in Chinese))
[10]赵芹,罗茂盛,曹叔尤,等.汶川地震四川灾区水土流失经济损失评估及恢复对策[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2009,41(3):289-293.(ZHAO Qin,LUO Mao-sheng,CAO Shu-you,et al.Research on therecovering measures and economic loss evaluation of soilerosion and water loss in Wenchuan-Earthquake-hit are-as of Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2009,41(3):289-293.(in Chinese))
[1]李亚龙,王莹,张平仓.长江中上游坡地水土资源优化配置研究综述[J].中国水土保持,2009,(2):25-28.(LI Ya-long,WANG Ying,ZHANG Ping-cang.Comprehensive review on the optimum configuration ofsoil and water resources in slope field of middle and upperreaches of Changjiang River[J].Soil and Water Conser-vation in China,2009,(2):25-28.(in Chinese))
[2]王根龙,张军慧,刘红帅.汶川地震北川县城地质灾害调查与初步分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2009,(3):47-52.(WANG Gen-long,ZHANG Jun-hui,LIUHong-shuai.Investigation and preliminary anal-ysis of geologic disasters in Beichuan county induced byWenchuan Earthquake[J].The Chinese Journal of Geo-logical Hazard and Control,2009,(3):47-52.(in Chi-nese))
[3]李树德,任秀生,岳升阳,等.地震与泥石流活动[J].水土保持研究,2001,8(2):26-27.(LI Shu-de,RENXiu-sheng,YUE Sheng-yang,et al.Earthquake and deb-ris flowactivities[J].Research of Soil and Water Conser-vation,2001,8(2):26-27.(in Chinese))
[4]曹叔尤,刘兴年,黄尔,等.地震背景下的川江流域泥沙与河床演变问题研究进展[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2009,41(3):28-36.(CAO Shu-you,LIUXing-nian,HUANG Er,et al.Advances in studies of riv-er sediment and fluvial processes of the upper-YangtzeRiver in earthquake background[J].Journal of SichuanUniversity(Engineering Science Edition),2009,41(3):28-36.(in Chinese))
[5]陈晓清,李智广,崔鹏,等.5.12汶川地震重灾区水土流失初步估算[J].山地学报,2009,29(1):122-127.(CHENXiao-qing,LI Zhi-guang,CUI Peng,et al.Estimation of soil erosion caused by the 5.12 WenchuanEarthquake[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2009,29(1):122-127.(in Chinese))
[6]王文杰,潘英姿,徐卫华,等.四川汶川地震对生态系统破坏及其生态影响分析[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(5):110-116.(WANG Wen-jie,PAN Ying-zi,XUWei-hua,et al.Analysis on ecosystem destroy and its ec-ological impact caused by earthquake in Wenchuan,Si-chuan Province[J].Research of Environmental Sci-ences,2008,21(5):110-116.(in Chinese))
[7]张春敏,王根绪.汶川大地震灾害对区域生态系统的影响——以青川、平武和茂县为例[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):5833-5841.(ZHANG Chun-Min,WANG Gen-xu.Impacts of Wenchuan Earthquake disas-ters on ecosystem and its spatial pattern:case study ofQingchuan,Pingwu and Maoxian counties[J].Acta Eco-logica Sinica,2008,28(12):5833-5841.(in Chi-nese))
[8]赵芹,卿太明,曹叔尤.汶川特大地震对四川水土流失的影响及其经济损失评估[J].中国水土保持,2009,(3):5-8.(ZHAO Qin,QING Tai-ming,CAOShu-you.Influence of the Wenchuan Earthquake to soiland water loss of Sichuan and its economic loss evaluation[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,2009,(3):5-8.(in Chinese))
[9]赵祥润,卿太明.汶川地震对我省水土保持生态环境建设的影响[J].四川水利,2008,(5):26-28.(ZHAO Xiang-run,QING Tai-ming.Impact of Wen-chuan Earthquake on soil-water conservation and ecosys-tem recovery in Sichuan Province[J].Sichuan WaterConservancy,2008,(5):26-28.(in Chinese))
[10]赵芹,罗茂盛,曹叔尤,等.汶川地震四川灾区水土流失经济损失评估及恢复对策[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2009,41(3):289-293.(ZHAO Qin,LUO Mao-sheng,CAO Shu-you,et al.Research on therecovering measures and economic loss evaluation of soilerosion and water loss in Wenchuan-Earthquake-hit are-as of Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2009,41(3):289-293.(in Chinese))
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