汶川地震对龙门山地区山地土壤理化性质的影响
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摘要
采用对比研究的方法,研究了汶川地震后龙门山东、西坡及过渡区域典型山地滑坡体土壤理化性质以及土壤养分含量的变化.结果显示:与未破坏的原生土壤相比较,3个区域滑坡迹地土壤砂粒含量均显著升高;土壤阳离子交换量、有机质、全氮、全磷、硝态氮、总矿质氮、土壤粉粒和粘粒含量显著降低;滑坡体土壤pH值在东坡和过渡区显著升高,西坡升高不明显;东坡和过渡区滑坡体土壤氨态氮含量与矿质氮/全氮比值显著降低,而西坡差异不显著;土壤碳/氮比值在过渡区显著下降,东坡和西坡差异不显著.此外,3个研究区域滑坡体土壤全钾含量变化不显著.滑坡迹地表征土壤质量的指标(土壤质地、有机质和矿质元素含量等)总体上呈现下降的趋势,表明地震对滑坡体土壤产生了明显的破坏作用;土壤的碳损失率大于氮损失率,并有可能会进一步加剧土壤的碳缺失.地震对龙门山区域土壤理化性质的影响仅有氨态氮存在扰动与空间区域的交互作用,其余理化指标的扰动结果均不受空间区域差异均的影响.这暗示地震有可能是通过对土壤剖面层次的破坏和扰动而影响土壤理化性质,生态气候类型差异对于滑坡迹地土壤理化性质的改变效应可能是一个比较长期的过程.
The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 led to huge damage to land covers in northwestern Sichuan,one of the critical fragile eco-regions in China.In this paper,the soil physical and chemical properties at the landslide sites induced by the earthquake were assessed in a comparable framework which included three regions,i.e.eastern side,western side and the transitional zone of the Longmen Mountain,and represented different climate and vegetation background.Compared with the undisturbed area,the results indicated that soil sand content increased significantly on the landslide of all case-study areas(P<0.05),while cation exchange capacity,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,nitrate nitrogen,mineral nitrogen,silt content and clay contents decreased significantly(P<0.05) in all three research regions.The soil pH,the ammonia nitrogen content,and the ratios of mineral nitrogen/total nitrogen and C/N did not show a regular trend.Moreover,the total potassium content did not change obviously(P>0.05) in the three regions.In conclusion,most of the soil quality indices decreased significantly on earthquake-triggered landslides.
The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 led to huge damage to land covers in northwestern Sichuan,one of the critical fragile eco-regions in China.In this paper,the soil physical and chemical properties at the landslide sites induced by the earthquake were assessed in a comparable framework which included three regions,i.e.eastern side,western side and the transitional zone of the Longmen Mountain,and represented different climate and vegetation background.Compared with the undisturbed area,the results indicated that soil sand content increased significantly on the landslide of all case-study areas(P<0.05),while cation exchange capacity,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,nitrate nitrogen,mineral nitrogen,silt content and clay contents decreased significantly(P<0.05) in all three research regions.The soil pH,the ammonia nitrogen content,and the ratios of mineral nitrogen/total nitrogen and C/N did not show a regular trend.Moreover,the total potassium content did not change obviously(P>0.05) in the three regions.In conclusion,most of the soil quality indices decreased significantly on earthquake-triggered landslides.
引文
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6 Su FH(苏凤环),Liu HJ(刘洪江),Han YS(韩用顺).The extraction of mountain hazard induced by Wenchuan earthquake and analysis of its distributing characteristic.J Remote Sensing(遥感学报),2008,12(6):956~963
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8 Chen XQ(陈晓清),Li ZG(李智广),Cui P(崔鹏),liu XC(刘宪春).Estimation of soil erosion caused by the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake.J Mount Sci(山地学报),2009,27(1):122~127
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12 Xu XL(徐新良),Jiang D(江东),Zhuang DF(庄大方),Qiu DS(邱冬生).Assessment about the impact of Wenchuan Earthquake on ecological environment.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),2008,28(12):5899~5908
13 Wang WJ(王文杰),Pan YZ(潘英姿),Xu WH(徐卫华),Wang JJ(王晶晶),Bai X(白雪).Analysis on ecosystem destroy and its ecological impact caused by earthquake in Wenchuan,Sichuan province.Res Environ Sci(环境科学研究),2008,21(5):110~116
14 Lin WT,Lin CY,Chou WC.Assessment of vegetation recovery and soil erosion at landslides caused by a catastrophic earthquake:A case study in central Taiwan.Ecol Engin,2006,28(1):79~89
15 Xu W,Wang XZ,Ouyang ZY,Zhang JD,Li ZQ,Xiao Y,Zheng H.Conservation of giant panda habitat in South Minshan,China,after the May 2008 earthquake.Front Ecol Environ,2009,7(7):353~358
16 Peng Y(彭瑛),Liu WT(刘文婷),Zhang Z(张志),Mao W(毛伟),PENG D(彭丹).Distribution characteristics of secondary geological disasters in the severely afflicted area of Wenchuan earthquake based on remote sensing survey.Resourc&Environ Yangtze Basin(长江流域资源与环境),2010,19(1):107~112
17 Xie H(谢洪),Wang SG(王士革),Kong JM(孔纪明).Distribution and characteristics of mountain hazards induced by the Earthquake of May12 in Wenchuan,China.J Mount Sci(山地学报),2008,26(4):396~401
18 You Y(游勇),Liu JF(柳金峰),Cheng XC(陈兴长).Debris flow and its characteristics of Subao river in Bei-chuan County after“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake.China.J Mount Sci(山地学报),2010,28(3):358~366
19 Zhang B,Jiao QJ,Wu YH,Zhang WJ.Estimating soil erosion changes in the Wenchuan earthquake disaster area using geo-spatial information technology.J Appl Remote Sensing,2009,3(Sp Iss):Art031675
20 Wu N(吴宁),Lu T(卢涛),Luo P(罗鹏),Zhu D(朱单).A review of the impacts of earthquake on mountain ecosystems:taking 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake as an example.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),2008,28(12):5810~5819
21 Yang HL(杨红露),LIU DM(刘冬梅),Sun H(孙辉).Ecologicalimpacts of earthquake on local ecosystem and its restoration.Sichuan Environ(四川环境),2009,28(4):97~101
22 Yu WJ(于文金).The harm and loss of ecosystem assessment of earthquake disaster in Sichuan Province.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),2008,28(12):5785~5794
23 Zhang CM(张春敏),Wang GX(王根绪).Impacts of Wenchuan Earthquake disasters on ecosystem and its spatial pattern:case study of Qingchuan,Pingwu and Maoxian counties.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),2008,28(12):5833~5841
24 Liu GQ(刘广全),Jiao X(焦醒).汶川地震引发的生态问题及对策.SWCC(中国水土保持),2008,11:11~13
25 Lu T,Shi FS,Sun G,Luo Y,Wang Q,Wu Y,Wu N.Reconstruction of the Wenchuan Earthquake-damaged ecosystems:four important questions.Chin J Appl Environ Biol(应用与环境生物学报),2010,16(3):301~304
26 Ni ZY(倪忠云),He ZW(何政伟),Zhao YB(赵银兵),Gao H(高慧),Cai KK(蔡柯柯),Wang L(王乐).Study on vegetation coverage changes in Dujiangyan before and after Wenchuan Earthquake.J Soil&Water Conserv(水土保持学报),2009,16(4):45~48
27中国科学院南京土壤研究所编.土壤理化分析.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1978.178
28刘光崧主编.土壤理化分析与剖面描述.北京:中国标准出版社,1996.38
29 Liu YL(柳云龙),LüJ(吕军),Wang RC(王人潮).Research on characteristics of soil microbe in hilly eroded red soil after reclamation.J Soil&Water Conserv(水土保持学报),2001,15(2):64~67
30 Wang KB(王凯博),Chen ML(陈美玲),Qin J(秦娟),Liu Y(刘勇),An H(安慧),Shangguan ZP(上官周平).Plant species diversity and the relation with soil properties in natural succession process in Ziwuling Area.Acta Bot Bor-Occid Sin(西北植物学报),2007,27(10):2089~2096
31 Wang CM(王春明),Bao WK(包维楷),Cheng JZ(陈建中),Sun H(孙辉),Xie JS(谢佳穗).Profile characteristics and nutrients of dry cinnamon soils in dry valley of the upper Minjiang River.Chin J Appl Environ Biol(应用与环境生物学报),2003,9(3):230~234
32中国土壤学会编.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社,1990.188
33 Cheng S,Yang G,Yu H,Li JY,Zhang L.Impacts of Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslides on soil physical properties and tree growth.Ecol Indicators,2012,15:263~270
34中国科学院南京土壤研究所编.中国土壤.北京:科学出版社,1978.382~383
35 Li B(李博),Zhao B(赵斌),Peng RH(彭荣豪).Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology.Beijing:Higher Education Press(北京:高等教育出版社),2005.175~176
36 Li JM(李菊梅),Wang CH(王朝辉),Li SX(李生秀),Significance of soil organic matter,total N and mineralizable nitrogen in reflecting soil N supplying capacity.Acta Pedol Sin(土壤学报),2003,40(2):232~238
37 Xiao LH(肖辉林).Effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on forest soil acidification.Sci Silv Sin(林业科学),2001,37(4):111~116
38 Persson T,Lundkkvist H,Wiren A,Hyv nen R,Wess n B.Effects of acidification and liming on carbon and nitrogen mineralization and soil organisms in mor humus.Water Air Soils Pollut,1989,45:77~96
2樊杰主编.资源环境承载力评价.北京:科学出版社,2009.14
3 Bao W K(包维楷).Ecological deg radation and restoration and reconstruction countermeasures for severe calamity regions in Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan.Bull Chin Acad Sci(中国科学院院刊),2008,23(4):324~329
4 Zhao Q(赵芹),Qing TM(卿太明),Cao SY(曹叔尤).Influence of the Wenchuan earthquake to soil and water loss of Sichuan and its economic loss evaluation.SWCC(中国水土保持),2009,3:5~7
5 Hua LZ(花利忠),Cui SH(崔胜辉),Li XH(李新虎),Yin K(尹锴),Qiu QY(邱全毅).Remote sensing identification of earthquake trigged landsides and their impacts on ecosystem services:a case study of Wenchuan County.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),2008,28(12):2909~5916
6 Su FH(苏凤环),Liu HJ(刘洪江),Han YS(韩用顺).The extraction of mountain hazard induced by Wenchuan earthquake and analysis of its distributing characteristic.J Remote Sensing(遥感学报),2008,12(6):956~963
7 Huang RQ(黄润秋),Li WL(李为乐).Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on12th May,2008.Chin J Rock Mech&Eng(岩石力学与工程学报),2008,27(12):2585~2592
8 Chen XQ(陈晓清),Li ZG(李智广),Cui P(崔鹏),liu XC(刘宪春).Estimation of soil erosion caused by the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake.J Mount Sci(山地学报),2009,27(1):122~127
9 Chang XJ(常晓军),Zheng WM(郑万模),Wang DW(王德伟),TangYQ(唐业旗),Ge H(葛华),Zhou HF(周洪福),Chen QG(陈启国),Tie YB(铁永波).Study on distribution of huge-landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake.Recourc Surv&Environ(资源调查与环境),2011,32(2):143~149
10 Yin YP,Wang FW,Sun P.Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China.Landslides,2009,6:139~151
11 Xu C(许冲),Dai FC(戴福初),Yao X(姚鑫).Incidence number and affected area of Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide.Sci&Technol Rev(科技导报),2009,27(11):79~81
12 Xu XL(徐新良),Jiang D(江东),Zhuang DF(庄大方),Qiu DS(邱冬生).Assessment about the impact of Wenchuan Earthquake on ecological environment.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),2008,28(12):5899~5908
13 Wang WJ(王文杰),Pan YZ(潘英姿),Xu WH(徐卫华),Wang JJ(王晶晶),Bai X(白雪).Analysis on ecosystem destroy and its ecological impact caused by earthquake in Wenchuan,Sichuan province.Res Environ Sci(环境科学研究),2008,21(5):110~116
14 Lin WT,Lin CY,Chou WC.Assessment of vegetation recovery and soil erosion at landslides caused by a catastrophic earthquake:A case study in central Taiwan.Ecol Engin,2006,28(1):79~89
15 Xu W,Wang XZ,Ouyang ZY,Zhang JD,Li ZQ,Xiao Y,Zheng H.Conservation of giant panda habitat in South Minshan,China,after the May 2008 earthquake.Front Ecol Environ,2009,7(7):353~358
16 Peng Y(彭瑛),Liu WT(刘文婷),Zhang Z(张志),Mao W(毛伟),PENG D(彭丹).Distribution characteristics of secondary geological disasters in the severely afflicted area of Wenchuan earthquake based on remote sensing survey.Resourc&Environ Yangtze Basin(长江流域资源与环境),2010,19(1):107~112
17 Xie H(谢洪),Wang SG(王士革),Kong JM(孔纪明).Distribution and characteristics of mountain hazards induced by the Earthquake of May12 in Wenchuan,China.J Mount Sci(山地学报),2008,26(4):396~401
18 You Y(游勇),Liu JF(柳金峰),Cheng XC(陈兴长).Debris flow and its characteristics of Subao river in Bei-chuan County after“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake.China.J Mount Sci(山地学报),2010,28(3):358~366
19 Zhang B,Jiao QJ,Wu YH,Zhang WJ.Estimating soil erosion changes in the Wenchuan earthquake disaster area using geo-spatial information technology.J Appl Remote Sensing,2009,3(Sp Iss):Art031675
20 Wu N(吴宁),Lu T(卢涛),Luo P(罗鹏),Zhu D(朱单).A review of the impacts of earthquake on mountain ecosystems:taking 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake as an example.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),2008,28(12):5810~5819
21 Yang HL(杨红露),LIU DM(刘冬梅),Sun H(孙辉).Ecologicalimpacts of earthquake on local ecosystem and its restoration.Sichuan Environ(四川环境),2009,28(4):97~101
22 Yu WJ(于文金).The harm and loss of ecosystem assessment of earthquake disaster in Sichuan Province.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),2008,28(12):5785~5794
23 Zhang CM(张春敏),Wang GX(王根绪).Impacts of Wenchuan Earthquake disasters on ecosystem and its spatial pattern:case study of Qingchuan,Pingwu and Maoxian counties.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),2008,28(12):5833~5841
24 Liu GQ(刘广全),Jiao X(焦醒).汶川地震引发的生态问题及对策.SWCC(中国水土保持),2008,11:11~13
25 Lu T,Shi FS,Sun G,Luo Y,Wang Q,Wu Y,Wu N.Reconstruction of the Wenchuan Earthquake-damaged ecosystems:four important questions.Chin J Appl Environ Biol(应用与环境生物学报),2010,16(3):301~304
26 Ni ZY(倪忠云),He ZW(何政伟),Zhao YB(赵银兵),Gao H(高慧),Cai KK(蔡柯柯),Wang L(王乐).Study on vegetation coverage changes in Dujiangyan before and after Wenchuan Earthquake.J Soil&Water Conserv(水土保持学报),2009,16(4):45~48
27中国科学院南京土壤研究所编.土壤理化分析.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1978.178
28刘光崧主编.土壤理化分析与剖面描述.北京:中国标准出版社,1996.38
29 Liu YL(柳云龙),LüJ(吕军),Wang RC(王人潮).Research on characteristics of soil microbe in hilly eroded red soil after reclamation.J Soil&Water Conserv(水土保持学报),2001,15(2):64~67
30 Wang KB(王凯博),Chen ML(陈美玲),Qin J(秦娟),Liu Y(刘勇),An H(安慧),Shangguan ZP(上官周平).Plant species diversity and the relation with soil properties in natural succession process in Ziwuling Area.Acta Bot Bor-Occid Sin(西北植物学报),2007,27(10):2089~2096
31 Wang CM(王春明),Bao WK(包维楷),Cheng JZ(陈建中),Sun H(孙辉),Xie JS(谢佳穗).Profile characteristics and nutrients of dry cinnamon soils in dry valley of the upper Minjiang River.Chin J Appl Environ Biol(应用与环境生物学报),2003,9(3):230~234
32中国土壤学会编.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社,1990.188
33 Cheng S,Yang G,Yu H,Li JY,Zhang L.Impacts of Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslides on soil physical properties and tree growth.Ecol Indicators,2012,15:263~270
34中国科学院南京土壤研究所编.中国土壤.北京:科学出版社,1978.382~383
35 Li B(李博),Zhao B(赵斌),Peng RH(彭荣豪).Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology.Beijing:Higher Education Press(北京:高等教育出版社),2005.175~176
36 Li JM(李菊梅),Wang CH(王朝辉),Li SX(李生秀),Significance of soil organic matter,total N and mineralizable nitrogen in reflecting soil N supplying capacity.Acta Pedol Sin(土壤学报),2003,40(2):232~238
37 Xiao LH(肖辉林).Effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on forest soil acidification.Sci Silv Sin(林业科学),2001,37(4):111~116
38 Persson T,Lundkkvist H,Wiren A,Hyv nen R,Wess n B.Effects of acidification and liming on carbon and nitrogen mineralization and soil organisms in mor humus.Water Air Soils Pollut,1989,45:77~96
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