深埋地下洞室断裂型岩爆机理的数值模拟
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摘要
针对深部岩体中由断层、节理等不连续性结构面引发的岩爆地质灾害,根据深埋地下隧洞中潜在发震断裂的分布特征和几何形态建立数值分析模型,采用离散元单元法模拟存在刚性平直断裂的深部围岩的开挖响应,并分别考察开挖接近并通过断裂附近时围岩应力状态的变化特征。通过探讨断裂的存在对围岩应力状态改变的作用机理,揭示出断裂型岩爆是开挖面附近一定范围内存在的断裂构造在高应力作用下发生错动,导致能量突然释放,对围岩造成强烈冲击作用的结果,基本与地震的断层"粘滑"机制相类似。
Aiming at rockburst geological disaster induced by discontinuity such as faults or joints in deep lay rock mass,numerical model is presented according to distributional characteristics and geometrical aspects of potential seismic faults in underground tunnel.Subsequently,excavation response of deep lay surrounding rock with rigid flat faults is simulated via distinct element codes,and varied features of stress state in surrounding rock are examined while excavation process approaches and then passes through fault zones.Finally,Mechanism of action is discussed on the base of stress state change induced by available faults.Energy releases sharply via rockburst under high stress,and it is revealed that faulted structure occur movement within a certain region of excavation section.Rockburst impacts on surrounding rock intensely,and the mechanism is similar to fault stick slip in earthquake process.
Aiming at rockburst geological disaster induced by discontinuity such as faults or joints in deep lay rock mass,numerical model is presented according to distributional characteristics and geometrical aspects of potential seismic faults in underground tunnel.Subsequently,excavation response of deep lay surrounding rock with rigid flat faults is simulated via distinct element codes,and varied features of stress state in surrounding rock are examined while excavation process approaches and then passes through fault zones.Finally,Mechanism of action is discussed on the base of stress state change induced by available faults.Energy releases sharply via rockburst under high stress,and it is revealed that faulted structure occur movement within a certain region of excavation section.Rockburst impacts on surrounding rock intensely,and the mechanism is similar to fault stick slip in earthquake process.
引文
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[15]谭以安.岩爆类型及其防治[J].现代地质,1991,5(4):450-456.Tan Yi-an.Types and treatments of rockburst[J].Journal of Geoscience,1991,5(4):450-456.
[16]张倬元,王士天.工程地质分析原理[M].2版.北京:中国地质出版社,1994.
[17]古德生,李夕兵.现代金属矿床采矿科学技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版,2006.
[18]李夕兵,古德生等.深井坚硬矿床开采中高应力的灾害控制与破碎诱变[C]∥香山第175次科学会议:科学前沿与未来:第6集.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:101-108.
[2]徐林生,王兰生,李永林.岩爆形成机制与判据研究[J].岩土力学,2002,23(3):300-302.Xu Lin-sheng,Wang Lan-sheng,Li Yong-lin.Study on mechanism and judgement of rockburst[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23(3):300-302.
[3]王明洋,周泽平,钱七虎.深部岩体的构造和变形与破坏问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(3):448-455.Wang Ming-yang,Zhou Ze-ping,Qian Qi-hu.Tectonic,deformation and failure problems of deep rock mass[J],Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(3):448-455.
[4]何满潮,苗金丽,李德建,等.深部花岗岩试样岩爆过程实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):865-876.He Man-chao,Miao Jin-li,Li De-jian,et al.Experimental study on rockburst progresses of granite specimen at great depth[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):865-876.
[5]Goodman R E.Methods of geological engineering in discontinuous rocks[M].West Publishing Company,1976.
[6]Bandis S C,Lumsden A C,Barton N R.Fundamentals of rock joint deformation[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1983,20(6):249-268.
[7]谷德振.岩体工程地质力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.
[8]徐林生,王兰生.岩爆形成机理研究[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,2001,24(2):115-117.Xu Lin-sheng,Wang Lan-sheng.Study on the mechanics of rockburst[J].Journal of Chongqing University:Natural Science Edition,2001,24(2):115-117.
[9]黄峰,徐则民.用动光弹方法研究隧道岩爆的爆破扰动机理[J].爆炸与冲击,2009,29(6);632-636.Huang Feng,Xu Ze-min.On blasting perturbation mechanism of rockburst in tunnel by dynamic photo-elasticity[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2009,29(6):632-636.
[10]冯涛,谢学斌,潘长良,等.岩爆岩石断裂机理的电镜分析[J].中南工业大学学报:自然科学版,1999,30(1):14-17.Feng Tao,Xie Xue-bin,Pan Chang-liang.Fracture mechanics analysis for burst rock with electron scanning microscope[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology:Natural Science,1999,30(1):14-17.
[11]邹成杰.地下工程中岩爆灾害发生规律与岩爆预测问题的研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1992,3(4):48-53.Zhou Cheng-jie.Study on the law of occurring rockburst hazard in underground engineering and its forcasting[J].Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,1992,3(4):48-53.
[12]周瑞忠.岩爆发生的规律和断裂力学机理分折[J].岩土工程学报,1995,17(6):111-117.Zhou Rui-zhong.Regularity of rockburst and its analysis based on fracture mechanics[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Eengineering,1995,17(6):111-117.
[13]Kimura F,Okabayashi N,Kawamoto T.Tunneling through squeezing rock in two large fault zone of Enasan tunnelⅡ[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1987(20):151-166.
[14]Wang Wen-xing,Pan Chang-liang,Feng tao.Fountain rock-burst and inductive rockburst[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2000,7(3):130-132.
[15]谭以安.岩爆类型及其防治[J].现代地质,1991,5(4):450-456.Tan Yi-an.Types and treatments of rockburst[J].Journal of Geoscience,1991,5(4):450-456.
[16]张倬元,王士天.工程地质分析原理[M].2版.北京:中国地质出版社,1994.
[17]古德生,李夕兵.现代金属矿床采矿科学技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版,2006.
[18]李夕兵,古德生等.深井坚硬矿床开采中高应力的灾害控制与破碎诱变[C]∥香山第175次科学会议:科学前沿与未来:第6集.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:101-108.
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