裸爆和特制半球形结构内爆超压对比实验研究(英文)
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摘要
爆炸焊接过程会产生爆炸地震、冲击波、有毒气体和噪音等有害效应。设计并制作一个直径为36m、入口和排烟口直径分别为8m的半球形结构,用以降低爆炸焊接过程中产生的超压影响。为了研究实际超压降低效果,进行了裸爆和按1/6比例建立的半球形结构内爆炸的超压对比实验。实验结果表明:当超压的传播距离大于20m时,这种半球形结构能有效降低爆炸焊接过程中产生的超压;对于相同的超压传播距离,切线方向(垂直于半球形结构入口方向)比径向方向(半球形结构入口方向)的超压降低效果好。结合冲击波的传播和反射特点,对超压降低的可能原因进行了分析。
The explosive welding process always accompanies with explosive vibration,shock waves,overpressure,hazardous gases and noises.A method of designing a hemispherical structure with 36 m in diameter,whose entrance and smoke extraction opening are 8 m in height and 8 m in diameter respectively,is proposed to decrease the influence of overpressure during the explosive welding process.In order to evaluate the rationality and efficiency of the special-made hemispherical structure,the overpressure comparative experiments of blasting are carried out in air and in the special-made hemispherical structure with a 1/6 scale factor.The experimental results prove that the hemispherical structure with a 1/6 scale factor reduces the overpressure efficiently,especially for the propagation distance longer than 20 m.Furthermore,the overpressure along the tangent direction(perpendicular to the entrance of the hemispherical structure) is lowered more than that along the radial direction(the entrance of the hemispherical structure) for the same propagation distance.Considering the characteristics of propagation and reflection of shock waves,the possible reasons for the overpressure decreasing of blasting in the hemispherical structure are also discussed.
The explosive welding process always accompanies with explosive vibration,shock waves,overpressure,hazardous gases and noises.A method of designing a hemispherical structure with 36 m in diameter,whose entrance and smoke extraction opening are 8 m in height and 8 m in diameter respectively,is proposed to decrease the influence of overpressure during the explosive welding process.In order to evaluate the rationality and efficiency of the special-made hemispherical structure,the overpressure comparative experiments of blasting are carried out in air and in the special-made hemispherical structure with a 1/6 scale factor.The experimental results prove that the hemispherical structure with a 1/6 scale factor reduces the overpressure efficiently,especially for the propagation distance longer than 20 m.Furthermore,the overpressure along the tangent direction(perpendicular to the entrance of the hemispherical structure) is lowered more than that along the radial direction(the entrance of the hemispherical structure) for the same propagation distance.Considering the characteristics of propagation and reflection of shock waves,the possible reasons for the overpressure decreasing of blasting in the hemispherical structure are also discussed.
引文
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[10]Qu Y D.Safety assessment and safety management of explosive welding process[J].Engineering Blasting,2009,15(3):84-87.(in Chinese)曲艳东.爆炸焊接过程的安全评价与安全管理[J].工程爆破,2009,15(3):84-87.
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[13]Zhang L Y,Miao R S,Wang L Y.Foundations of explosion gas dynamics[M].Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technol-ogy Press,1982:363-370.(in Chinese)张连玉,苗瑞生,汪令羽.爆炸气体动力学基础[M].北京:北京工业学院出版社,1982:363-370.
[14]Qiao D J.Explosion waves in air(Ⅰ)Basic theory[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,1985,5(4):78-85.(in Chinese)乔登江.空中爆炸冲击波(Ⅰ)基本理论[J].爆炸与冲击,1985,5(4):78-85.
[15]Gu P A,Wei H Y,Xiao C Y.Studies on the shock-wave measuring technolgy in the FAE test[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2001,21(4):311-314.(in Chinese)顾平安,卫海鹰,肖昌炎.FAE云雾爆轰冲击波压力测试技术研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2001,21(4):311-314.
[16]Wang R F,Lu F Y,Yang Z G,et al.Investigation of shock wave attenuation in retainer[J].Journal of Projectiles,Rockets,Missiles and Guidance,2008,28(5):267-270.(in Chinese)王瑞峰,卢芳云,阳志光,等.保护罩内冲击波衰减规律研究[J].弹箭与制导学报,2008,28(5):267-270.
[17]Wang L L.Foundation of stress waves[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,2005.(in Chinese)王礼立.应力波基础[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005.
[2]Baker W E.Explosions in air[M].Austin,USA:University of Texas Press,1973.
[3]Henrych J.The Dynamics of explosion and its use[M].Amsterdam,Netherlands:Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company,1979.
[4]Lin D C,Bai C H,Zhang Q.Overpressure functions of blast waves for explosions in air[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2001,21(1):41-46.(in Chinese)林大超,白春华,张奇.空气中爆炸时爆炸波的超压函数[J].爆炸与冲击,2001,21(1):41-46.
[5]Li X J,Qu Y D,Yan H H,et al.Acoustic sounding in explosive rocks[J].Explosive Materials,2005,34(4):1-6.(in Chinese)李晓杰,曲艳东,闫鸿浩,等.岩体爆破效应的声波探测[J].爆破器材,2005,34(4):1-6.
[6]Sapozhnikov O A,Khokhlova V A,Bailey M R,et al.Effect of overpressure and pulse repetition frequency on cavi-tation in shock wave lithotripsy[J].J Acoust Soc Am,2002,112(3):1183-1195.
[7]Ben-Dor G,Levy A,Sorek S.Numerical investigation of the propagation of shock waves in rigid porous materials:Solution of the Riemann problem[J].Int J Numer Methods Heat Fluid Flow,1997,7(8):801-813.
[8]Harvey J,Nandakumar J,Krishnan L V.Dynamic calibration of shock overpressure transducers[J].Pramana,1984,22(5):447-451.
[9]Cui H T,Liu Q M.Dynamic calibration of shock wave pressure measurement system[J].Experiments and Meas-urements in Fluid Mechanics,2004,18(1):92-96.(in Chinese)崔海涛,刘庆明.冲击波压力传感器测试系统的动态标定[J].流体力学实验与测量,2004,18(1):92-96.
[10]Qu Y D.Safety assessment and safety management of explosive welding process[J].Engineering Blasting,2009,15(3):84-87.(in Chinese)曲艳东.爆炸焊接过程的安全评价与安全管理[J].工程爆破,2009,15(3):84-87.
[11]Kandula M,Freeman R.On the interaction and coalescence of spherical blast waves[J].Shock Waves,2008,18(1):21-33.
[12]Hargather M J,Settles G S.Optical measurement and scaling of blasts from gram-range explosive charges[J].Shock Waves,2007,17(4):215-223.
[13]Zhang L Y,Miao R S,Wang L Y.Foundations of explosion gas dynamics[M].Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technol-ogy Press,1982:363-370.(in Chinese)张连玉,苗瑞生,汪令羽.爆炸气体动力学基础[M].北京:北京工业学院出版社,1982:363-370.
[14]Qiao D J.Explosion waves in air(Ⅰ)Basic theory[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,1985,5(4):78-85.(in Chinese)乔登江.空中爆炸冲击波(Ⅰ)基本理论[J].爆炸与冲击,1985,5(4):78-85.
[15]Gu P A,Wei H Y,Xiao C Y.Studies on the shock-wave measuring technolgy in the FAE test[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2001,21(4):311-314.(in Chinese)顾平安,卫海鹰,肖昌炎.FAE云雾爆轰冲击波压力测试技术研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2001,21(4):311-314.
[16]Wang R F,Lu F Y,Yang Z G,et al.Investigation of shock wave attenuation in retainer[J].Journal of Projectiles,Rockets,Missiles and Guidance,2008,28(5):267-270.(in Chinese)王瑞峰,卢芳云,阳志光,等.保护罩内冲击波衰减规律研究[J].弹箭与制导学报,2008,28(5):267-270.
[17]Wang L L.Foundation of stress waves[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,2005.(in Chinese)王礼立.应力波基础[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005.
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