隧道爆破声波对毗邻养殖水中声场环境的影响
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摘要
以福建省罗源县正在建设的龟屿隧道爆破工程为例,分析了隧道爆破地震波的传播规律和对毗邻大黄鱼育苗池的水中声场环境的影响。研究结果表明:(1)爆破作业将显著地增加毗邻大黄鱼育苗池的水中声强(比未爆破前的水中声强高约60～80dB),强度的增加与爆破药量成正比,与爆点的距离成反比,且距离的影响远大于爆破药量的影响;(2)在海水高潮和低潮的2个时段,由于爆破地震波传播途径的不同,毗邻大黄鱼育苗池的水中声场环境在强度和频率能量分布上均存在差异:育苗池中低潮时段的水中声强小于高潮时段的水中声强;低潮时段声波能量主要分布在小于400Hz的较低频带上,而高潮时段的声波能量主要分布在200～1 000Hz的较高频带上。因此,为减小隧道爆破对育苗池中大黄鱼的伤害,结合分析大黄鱼对水中声波的敏感频率(500～800Hz)及敏感强度,需降低育苗池的水中声强并使声波能量分布向低频带转移,选择在低潮时段、采用低药量进行隧道作业。
Underwater sound effects generated by tunnel-explosion were studied and an observation was performed to monitor the underwater sound pressure in Pseudosciaena crocea's breeding pond when Guiyu tunnel blast engineering occurred thither coastal harbor in Luoyuan County,Fujian Province.Based on acoustic theory of transmission and reflection on solid-fluid interface,the results show that blasting seismic wave makes impact on underwater environment through two kinds of sound transmitted paths.The underwater sound intensity increases sharply(up to 150 dB) in breeding pond when Guiyu tunnel blast engineering occurs,and the increment of sound intensity is directly proportional to the mass of explosives as well as which is inversely proportional to the distance from blasting point.However,the effect of distance is greater than that of mass.Additionally,at different time of low tide and high tide,the sound intensity generated by blasting seismic wave in pond has a significant difference due to the two paths of sound propagation in different transmitted media.With the increment of distance,sound intensity at low tide time declines more quickly than that at high tide time.Similarly,the sound energy distribution in frequency band has different shape.Sound at high tide time is dominant in frequency band of 200～1 000 Hz.On the other hand,the frequency of sound in pond at low tide time is mainly less than 400 Hz.The greater of the water depth above seabed is,the lower of the cut-off low frequency is for underwater acoustic waveguide effect.Consequently,the low tide time for Guiyu tunnel blasting should be chosen so that it can decrease the harm of high intensity in Pseudosciaena crocea's breeding pond,avoiding to do harm to pseudosciaena crocea's body in the sound resonant frequency of 500～800 Hz.
Underwater sound effects generated by tunnel-explosion were studied and an observation was performed to monitor the underwater sound pressure in Pseudosciaena crocea's breeding pond when Guiyu tunnel blast engineering occurred thither coastal harbor in Luoyuan County,Fujian Province.Based on acoustic theory of transmission and reflection on solid-fluid interface,the results show that blasting seismic wave makes impact on underwater environment through two kinds of sound transmitted paths.The underwater sound intensity increases sharply(up to 150 dB) in breeding pond when Guiyu tunnel blast engineering occurs,and the increment of sound intensity is directly proportional to the mass of explosives as well as which is inversely proportional to the distance from blasting point.However,the effect of distance is greater than that of mass.Additionally,at different time of low tide and high tide,the sound intensity generated by blasting seismic wave in pond has a significant difference due to the two paths of sound propagation in different transmitted media.With the increment of distance,sound intensity at low tide time declines more quickly than that at high tide time.Similarly,the sound energy distribution in frequency band has different shape.Sound at high tide time is dominant in frequency band of 200～1 000 Hz.On the other hand,the frequency of sound in pond at low tide time is mainly less than 400 Hz.The greater of the water depth above seabed is,the lower of the cut-off low frequency is for underwater acoustic waveguide effect.Consequently,the low tide time for Guiyu tunnel blasting should be chosen so that it can decrease the harm of high intensity in Pseudosciaena crocea's breeding pond,avoiding to do harm to pseudosciaena crocea's body in the sound resonant frequency of 500～800 Hz.
引文
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[2]许鹭芬,王清池,王军,等.水中爆破的声压测量及对海洋生物的影响[J].厦门大学学报,2000,39(1):58-61.XU Lu-fen,WANG Qin-chi,WANG Jun,et al.Sound pressure measurement of underwater explosion and itseffect on marine organism[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),2000,39(1):58-61.
[3]汤立国,许肖梅,刘胜兴.海底爆破辐射声场的理论及数值研究[J].物理学报,2008,57(7):4251-4257.TANG Li-guo,XU Xiao-mei,LIU Sheng-xing.Theoretical and numerical investigations of the acoustic field excitedby submarine explosion[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2008,57(7):4251-4257.
[4]李文涛,张秀梅.水下爆破施工对鱼类影响的估算及预防措施[J].科学视野,2003,27(11):20-23.LI Wen-tao,ZHANG Xui-mei.Impact and mitigation measures for fish communities exposed to underwater explo-sion[J].Science Scope,2003,27(11):20-23.
[5]秦鹏,秦植海.Matlab在水下岩体爆破实测数据分析中的应用[J].华北水利水电学院学报,2007,28(5):62-64.QIN Peng,QIN Zhi-hai.Application of matlab in data analysis of examples in rocky demolitions underwater[J].Journal of North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power,2007,28(5):62-64.
[6]福建省科学技术厅.大黄鱼养殖[M].北京:海洋出版社,2004.
[7]粘宝卿,黄衍镇.对声屏障圈养大黄鱼的展望[J].海洋科学,1999,4:30-31.ZHAN Bao-qing,HUANG Yan-zhen.Prospect of the cultured pseusosciaena crocea encircled by acoustic barrier[J].Oceanic Science,1999,4:30-31.
[8]刘文辉.黄花鱼抗爆试验研究[J].爆破器材,2001,30(6):24-26.LIU Wen-hui.Research on croaker resisting seismic wave and air shock wave of blasting[J].Explosive Materials,2001,30(6):24-26.
[9]张义平,吴桂义.爆波地震波特性研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2007,27(6):68-72.ZHANG Yi-ping,WU Gui-yi.Study on characteristics of blasting-caused seismic wave[J].Mining Research andDevelopment,2007,27(6):68-72.
[10]刘伯胜,雷家煜.水声学原理[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨大学出版社,1997.
[11]易长平,许红涛,卢文波,等.河道对爆破地震波传播规律的影响分析[J].长江科学院院报,2003,20:5-7.YI Chang-ping,XU Hong-tao,LU Wen-bo,et al.Influency of riverway on transmission of blasting seismic wave[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2003,20:5-7.
[12]吕涛,李海波,周青春,等.传播介质特性对爆破振动衰减规律的影响[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2008,28(3):335-341.LTao,LI Hai-bo,ZHOU Qing-chun,et al.The influence of the characteristic of medium on the attenuation lawof propagation of vibration due to blasting[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2008,28(3):335-341.
[13]Etter P C.水声建模与仿真[M].3版.蔡志明,译.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[14]刘彤,苏天明,孙健.岩石声波差异衰减特征及工和应用前景探讨[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):822-827.LIU Tong,SU Tian-ming,SUN Jian.Study on acoustic diversity attenuation properties of rock and foreground ofapplying in engineering[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(3):822-827.
[15]程佩青.数字信号处理教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[16]周新民,夏唐代,徐平,等.饱和土介质中地震波在水、气分界面上的反射与透射[J].地震学报,2006,28(4):372-379.ZHOU Xin-min,XIA Tang-dai,XU Ping,et al.Seismic reflection and transmission coefficients at an air-water in-terface of saturated porous soil[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2006,28(4):372-379.
[17]Jensen F B,Kuperman W A,Porter M B,et al.Computational ocean acoustics[M].New York:Springer-verlag,2000.
[18]任新敏,高大治,姚玉玲,等.大黄鱼的发声及信号特性研究[J].大连水产学院学报,2007,22(2):123-128.REN Xin-min,GAO Da-zhi,YAO Yu-ling,et al.Occurrence and characteristic of sound in large yellow croaker[J].Journal of DaLian Fisheries University,2007,22(2):123-128.
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