5·12汶川地震重灾区水土流失初步估算
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摘要
5·12汶川地震诱发大量的崩塌、滑坡、堰塞湖,导致了大量的水土流失。基于北京一号小卫星影像数据,在重灾区共解译出崩塌、滑坡点总面积2264.53km2。通过对重灾区内距离地震破裂带分别做5km、10km、30km、50km、100km的缓冲区,分别统计不同区段的崩塌、滑坡体的面积,结合野外实地考察和简易测量数据来确定不同区段的松散土体厚度,初步计算出重灾区的崩塌、滑坡水土流失量为相当于全国一年的水土流失量。通过对重灾区34处重点堰塞湖的堰塞坝堆积方量进行计算,估算所有堰塞湖的堰塞坝水土流失量为1.87×108t。重灾区山地灾害的水土流失总量为55.86×108t。讨论估算中存在的问题,提出了进一步提高精度的措施。
The Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008 has induced many secondary disasters,such as collapse,landslide,dammed lake,as well as a wide range of soil erosion. Based on the image data form Beijing No.1 small satellite,it is estimated that collapses and landslides cover a total area of 2 264.53 km2 in the heavy disaster areas. Furthermore,distribution of the total erosive area is analyzed with respect to the subregions in radius of 5 km,10 km,30 km,50 km,100 km respectively from the major fault. Besides,the erosive depth has been estimated by field investigation. Consequently,the amount quantity of soil erosion of collapse and landslide is about 55.86×108 ton. In addition,the erosion quantity from the 34 major dammed lakes is estimated as 1.87×108 ton. Thus the soil erosion in the quake-hit area amounts to the quantity in a whole year before. Finally,some problems involved in the estimation are discussed.
The Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008 has induced many secondary disasters,such as collapse,landslide,dammed lake,as well as a wide range of soil erosion. Based on the image data form Beijing No.1 small satellite,it is estimated that collapses and landslides cover a total area of 2 264.53 km2 in the heavy disaster areas. Furthermore,distribution of the total erosive area is analyzed with respect to the subregions in radius of 5 km,10 km,30 km,50 km,100 km respectively from the major fault. Besides,the erosive depth has been estimated by field investigation. Consequently,the amount quantity of soil erosion of collapse and landslide is about 55.86×108 ton. In addition,the erosion quantity from the 34 major dammed lakes is estimated as 1.87×108 ton. Thus the soil erosion in the quake-hit area amounts to the quantity in a whole year before. Finally,some problems involved in the estimation are discussed.
引文
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[3]Jin Wenzheng,Tang Liangjie,Yang Keming,et al.Deformation and zonation of the Longmenshan fold and thrust zone in the western Sichuan basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(8):1073～1080[金文正,汤良杰,杨克明,等.川西龙门山褶皱冲断带分带性变形特征[J].地质学报,2007,81(8):1073～1080]
[4]Liu Shugen,Luo Zhili,Dai Sulan,et al.The uplift of the Long-menshan thrust belt and subsidence of the western Sichuan foreland basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1995,69(3):205～214[刘树根,罗志立,戴苏兰,等.龙门山冲断带的隆升和川西前陆盆地的沉降[J].地质学报,1995,69(3):205～214]
[5]Editor Committee of Engineering Geology.Manual of Engineering Geology.Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,1992:195[《工程地质手册》编写委员会.工程地质手册(第三版).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992:195]
[6]Chen Xiaoqing,Cui Peng,Feng Zili,et al.2006.Artificial rainfall experimental study on landslide translation to debris flow[J].Chi-nese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engeering,25(1):106～116[陈晓清,崔鹏,冯自立,等.2006.滑坡转化泥石流起动的人工降雨试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,25(1):106～116]
[7]Seismological Bureau of Sichuan Province.Diexi Earthquake in1933[M].Chengdu:Science and Technology Press of Sichuan,1983.[四川省地震局.1933年叠溪地震[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1983].
[8]Cui Peng,Wang Daojie,Fan Jianrong,et al.Current status and comprehensuve control strategies of soil erosion for the upper Yangtze and other rivers in the Southwestern China[J].Science ofSoil and Water Conservation,2008,6(1):43～50[崔鹏,王道杰,范建容,等.长江上游及西南诸河区水土流失现状与综合治理对策[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(1):43～50]
[9]Cui Peng,Zhong Dunlun,Li Yong.Landslide and debris flow in Zezu,Meigu county,Sichuan provine[J].J.ofMountain Rearch,1997,15(4):282～287[崔鹏,钟敦伦,李泳.四川美姑则租滑坡泥石流[J].山地学报,1997,15(4):282～287
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