世界遗产中古城研究方法与内容初探
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摘要
世界遗产是全人类共同继承的文化及自然遗产 ,体现了地球上文化、自然遗产的丰富性、多样性和珍贵性。列入世界遗产名录中的古城则凝聚了人类文明史中最辉煌一页的精华。非凡的历史、艺术和科学价值使它们成为城市研究的活化石。截止 2 0 0 0年 1月 ,在联合国教科文组织公布的《世界遗产名录》中 ,古城已达 94座 ,约占世界遗产总项目的 1/ 7,并分布在世界四大洲 5 6个国家内。本文在分析了这些古城的研究意义之后 ,探讨性地建立了一套研究体系 ,提出了具体的研究方法和主要的研究内容 ,并进一步以世界文化遗产之一———中国的丽江古城为例进行了剖析。
World Heritage belongs to all the peoples of the world, irrespective of the territory on which they are living. The World Heritage List draws attention to the wealth and diversity of the Earth's cultural and natural heritage. Historic Cities in World Heritage List agglomerate the elite of the noblest stage in human civilization history, whose outstanding history, artistic and scientific values make them the living fossils of urban historic study. To the end of January 2000, the total number of ancient cities in World Heritage List is 94. They are 1/7 of the total world heritage sites. These ancient cities are distributed in 56 countries of the four continents. Of which 42 cities of 24 countries are in Europe, 22 cities of 11 countries are in Africa and Arabian region, 16 cities of 11 countries are in Asia and Pacific region,and 14 cities of 10 countries are in America. The paper firstly analyses the study significance of these ancient cities, then exploringly sets up a suit of research system including research methods and main contents. The research methods are demonstration method, holistic and systematic method, dynamic and evaluative method, as well as comparative method. These methods are the main ways in studying the ancient cities in World Heritage List. At the same time, the main research contents of these cities include the value study of many sides, the protection study and the development study. Finally the paper takes the world cultural heritage-the Chinese ancient city of Lijiang as an example to reveal its special research value and significance covered mainly in the three aspects.
World Heritage belongs to all the peoples of the world, irrespective of the territory on which they are living. The World Heritage List draws attention to the wealth and diversity of the Earth's cultural and natural heritage. Historic Cities in World Heritage List agglomerate the elite of the noblest stage in human civilization history, whose outstanding history, artistic and scientific values make them the living fossils of urban historic study. To the end of January 2000, the total number of ancient cities in World Heritage List is 94. They are 1/7 of the total world heritage sites. These ancient cities are distributed in 56 countries of the four continents. Of which 42 cities of 24 countries are in Europe, 22 cities of 11 countries are in Africa and Arabian region, 16 cities of 11 countries are in Asia and Pacific region,and 14 cities of 10 countries are in America. The paper firstly analyses the study significance of these ancient cities, then exploringly sets up a suit of research system including research methods and main contents. The research methods are demonstration method, holistic and systematic method, dynamic and evaluative method, as well as comparative method. These methods are the main ways in studying the ancient cities in World Heritage List. At the same time, the main research contents of these cities include the value study of many sides, the protection study and the development study. Finally the paper takes the world cultural heritage-the Chinese ancient city of Lijiang as an example to reveal its special research value and significance covered mainly in the three aspects.
引文
[1] 陶伟.中国“世界遗产”的可持续旅游发展研究.北京:中国旅游出版社,2001.
[2] UNESCO .ConventionConcerningtheProtectionoftheWorldCulturalandNaturalHeritage.1972.
[3] UNESCO homepage:http://www.unesco.Org.
[4] 张冠增.城市发展概论.北京:中国铁道出版社,1998.
[5] 陈志华.北窗杂记———建筑学术随笔.郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1999.
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[7] 中华人民共和国建设部,中国联合国教科文组织全国委员会,中华人民共和国国家文物局.中国的世界遗产.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.
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[9] (俄)顾彼得.被遗忘的王国.李茂春译.昆明:云南人民出版社,1991.
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[21] 何守伦.丽江方言词语的文化内涵透视.云南师范大学学报,1998,30(5).
[22] 杨大禹.借历史题目作现代文章.华中建筑,1999,17(2).
[23] 柳春光,郭恩栋,陆鸣.云南丽江7.0级地震生命线工程震害及功能状态评述.世界地震工程,1996,(3).
[24] 邱宣充.试论震后丽江古城的保护.云南社会科学,1996,(4).
[25] 张民.生存发展—丽江城市总体规划中的名城保护.华中建筑,1998,16(3).
[26] 木基元.世界文化遗产丽江古城的保护及其指导意义.云南民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版),1999,16(6).
[27] 周凌.丽江古城环境整治与建筑更新.云南工业大学学报,1997,13(3)
[28] 王化新.关于丽江地区旅游生态经济建设的初步探析.生态经济,1997,(2).
[29] 段增庆.把丽江建成滇西北商贸中心和国际旅游城市的构想.创造,1998,1.
[30] 甘雪春.丽江旅游业的发展与纳西文化的传扬.思想战线,1998,(7).
[31] 管宁生.对云南丽江玉龙雪山开展生态旅游的探悉.云南林业科技,1999,(2).
[32] 张菊兰.丽江发展必须走可持续道路.云南环境科学,2000,(3).
[2] UNESCO .ConventionConcerningtheProtectionoftheWorldCulturalandNaturalHeritage.1972.
[3] UNESCO homepage:http://www.unesco.Org.
[4] 张冠增.城市发展概论.北京:中国铁道出版社,1998.
[5] 陈志华.北窗杂记———建筑学术随笔.郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1999.
[6] 木内信藏.比较都市地理学の二三の问题.村太郎先生古稀纪念地理论文集.东京:古今书院,1961.
[7] 中华人民共和国建设部,中国联合国教科文组织全国委员会,中华人民共和国国家文物局.中国的世界遗产.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.
[8] 方国瑜.麽些民族考.民族学研究集刊.1944,第四辑.
[9] (俄)顾彼得.被遗忘的王国.李茂春译.昆明:云南人民出版社,1991.
[10] (美)洛克.中国西南的古纳西王国.哈佛燕京专著集第八卷.1947.昆明:云南大学历史所汉译油印本,1977.
[11] Jackson.NaKhiReligion.TheHaguePress,1979.
[12] 方国瑜.纳西象形文字谱.昆明:云南人民出版社,1981.
[13] 傅懋勣.纳西族图画文字《白蝙蝠取经记》研究.日本东京大学语言文化研究所,1981.
[14] 李霖灿.麽些研究论文集.台北故宫博物院出版,1984.
[15] 朱良文.丽江民居.昆明:云南科技出版社,1988.
[16] 和钟华,杨世光.纳西族文学史.昆明:云南人民出版社,1992.
[17] 郑孝燮,鲍世行.云南丽江考察研究报告.城市发展研究,1996,5.
[18] 吕拉昌.文化板块与丽江纳西族地区的文化特征.人文地理,1996,(2).
[19] 周文华,徐思淑.一方特色显著的人居环境———云南丽江大研古城析城市规划,1996,(5)
[20] 蒋高宸.丽江———美丽的纳西家园.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997.
[21] 何守伦.丽江方言词语的文化内涵透视.云南师范大学学报,1998,30(5).
[22] 杨大禹.借历史题目作现代文章.华中建筑,1999,17(2).
[23] 柳春光,郭恩栋,陆鸣.云南丽江7.0级地震生命线工程震害及功能状态评述.世界地震工程,1996,(3).
[24] 邱宣充.试论震后丽江古城的保护.云南社会科学,1996,(4).
[25] 张民.生存发展—丽江城市总体规划中的名城保护.华中建筑,1998,16(3).
[26] 木基元.世界文化遗产丽江古城的保护及其指导意义.云南民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版),1999,16(6).
[27] 周凌.丽江古城环境整治与建筑更新.云南工业大学学报,1997,13(3)
[28] 王化新.关于丽江地区旅游生态经济建设的初步探析.生态经济,1997,(2).
[29] 段增庆.把丽江建成滇西北商贸中心和国际旅游城市的构想.创造,1998,1.
[30] 甘雪春.丽江旅游业的发展与纳西文化的传扬.思想战线,1998,(7).
[31] 管宁生.对云南丽江玉龙雪山开展生态旅游的探悉.云南林业科技,1999,(2).
[32] 张菊兰.丽江发展必须走可持续道路.云南环境科学,2000,(3).
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