中国古代自然灾害公共危机管理策略探析
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摘要
我国地域辽阔,地质地貌特征、气候水文条件都很复杂,自古以来就是一个自然灾害频发的国家,甚至在历史上一度被西方学者称为"饥荒之国度"。中国古代社会自然灾害公共危机管理的主要策略有:遣使宣慰,鼓舞地方官员和百姓士气;修省与罪己,释放百姓不满情绪;"劝分"商贾,动员引导社会力量;禳弭祈仙,借助神灵安抚百姓;赈济减税,解决百姓现实困难;整顿吏治,回应百姓不满诉求。
China is a vast country with various geomorphologic features,climate and hydrological conditions,and from the ancient times it was a country with lots of natural disasters;some time China was regarded as "the land of famine" by the scholars from western Europe.The basic strategies to handle the crisis could be listed as below: Comfort and Encouragement,which is to comfort the officials and victims;Prince repair and Self-blame with the attempt of giving off the negative attitudes of the ordinary people;Mobilization and Advocacy so they could mobilize the public;Pray and Cents pray,which is to comfort the people with the help of the God;Relief and Tax cuts,in order to solve the real problems of the people;Anti-corruption,with the attempting of responding to the dissatisfactions from the people.
China is a vast country with various geomorphologic features,climate and hydrological conditions,and from the ancient times it was a country with lots of natural disasters;some time China was regarded as "the land of famine" by the scholars from western Europe.The basic strategies to handle the crisis could be listed as below: Comfort and Encouragement,which is to comfort the officials and victims;Prince repair and Self-blame with the attempt of giving off the negative attitudes of the ordinary people;Mobilization and Advocacy so they could mobilize the public;Pray and Cents pray,which is to comfort the people with the help of the God;Relief and Tax cuts,in order to solve the real problems of the people;Anti-corruption,with the attempting of responding to the dissatisfactions from the people.
引文
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[4]宋敏求.唐大诏令集:卷一一七[Z].北京:商务印书馆,1959:613.
[5]董皓.全唐文:卷五二三[Z].北京:中华书局,1983:66.
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[7]李媛.明代皇帝的修省与罪己[J].西南大学学报,2010(1).
[8]魏收.魏书:卷七[M]北京:中华书局,1974:81.
[9]马端临.文献通考:卷二六[M].上海:商务印书馆,1936:396.
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[11]王芙蓉.论两晋自然灾害与信仰意识[J].临沂师范学院学报,2006(2).
[12]王硅.华阳集:卷一六[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1983:191.
[13]辽史:卷四九[Z].北京:中华书局,1974:19.
[14]山西省地震局.山西省地震历史资料汇编[M].北京:地震出版社,1991:36
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[19]李辉.论北朝时期的政治性救灾措施[J].东北师范大学学报,2009(03).
[20]魏征,等.隋书[M].北京:北京图书馆出版社,1982:696.
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