四川汶川大地震与C型俯冲的关系和防震减灾的建议
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摘要
四川汶川大地震发生在龙门山冲断带,属构造地震。龙门山冲断带与川西前陆盆地是中国西部典型大陆构造,属C型俯冲(陆内俯冲)模式。C型俯冲不仅控制油气资源分布,还孕育着发震机制。作者从龙门山冲断带地史演化、变形特征、深部地球物理信息,建立起龙门山C型俯冲构造运动模式。汶川大地震发震与此模式的地质构造背景关系密切,是现今发生的陆内俯冲引起的地震。当时可能发生了两次强烈地震,这才可能是北川县城遭到毁灭性破坏的原因。汶川大地震可能发生在上地壳底至中地壳深12~24 km的高导层上,属中国陆内俯冲型地震,很可能是太平洋板块推挤中国大陆的远端效应触发作用所引起,与印度板块推挤作用关系不大。
The huge Wenchuan earthquake in the Longmen thrust fault belt is a tectonic earthquake.The Longmen thrust fault belt and the West Sichuan foreland basin are the typical continental tectonics and belong to C-subduction(Chinese subduction) controlling petroleum distribution and earthquakes.Based on the evolution,deformation,and deep geophysics of the thrust belt,the paper sets up the motorial mode of the Longmen Mountains C-subduction.The Wenchuan earthquake engendered by the intracontinental subduction occurs in this tectonic setting and controls the aftershock sequence taking place in NE zone.The paper discusses the reason why Baichuan is destroyed by the Wenchuan earthquake.It may be the double-shocks-after the typical earthquake.The Wenchuan earthquake taking place in the high conductivity and low resistivity layer and triggered by the distal effect of the Pacific Plate compression is a continental subduction earthquake.The paper analyses the earth dynamics reason why the environment is seriously destroyed by the Wenchuan earthquake and secondary disasters are serious in Longmen Mountains.
The huge Wenchuan earthquake in the Longmen thrust fault belt is a tectonic earthquake.The Longmen thrust fault belt and the West Sichuan foreland basin are the typical continental tectonics and belong to C-subduction(Chinese subduction) controlling petroleum distribution and earthquakes.Based on the evolution,deformation,and deep geophysics of the thrust belt,the paper sets up the motorial mode of the Longmen Mountains C-subduction.The Wenchuan earthquake engendered by the intracontinental subduction occurs in this tectonic setting and controls the aftershock sequence taking place in NE zone.The paper discusses the reason why Baichuan is destroyed by the Wenchuan earthquake.It may be the double-shocks-after the typical earthquake.The Wenchuan earthquake taking place in the high conductivity and low resistivity layer and triggered by the distal effect of the Pacific Plate compression is a continental subduction earthquake.The paper analyses the earth dynamics reason why the environment is seriously destroyed by the Wenchuan earthquake and secondary disasters are serious in Longmen Mountains.
引文
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[14]王二七,孟庆任,陈智,等.龙门山断裂印支期左旋走滑运动及其大地构造成因[J].地学前缘,2001,8(2):375-384.
[15]刘树根,罗志立,戴苏兰.龙门山冲断带隆升和川西前陆盆地沉降[J].地质学报,1995,69(3):205-213.
[16]刘树根,罗志立,赵锡奎,等.龙门山造山带-川西前陆盆地系统形成的动力学模式及模拟研究[C]//中国板块构造和含油气盆地分析.北京:石油工业出版社,2005:343-352.
[17]刘树根.龙门山冲断带与川西前陆盆地的形成演化[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1993.
[18]黄圣睦,董瑞英.中国强震活动图象与地震预报[M].成都:成都地图出版社,1997:96-102.
[19]张金熔,丁伟明.龙门山中北段遥感图象解释的新发现[C]//龙门山造山带的崛起和四川盆地的形成与演化.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1994.
[20]陈国光,计凤桔,周荣军,等.龙门山断裂带第四纪活动性分段的初步研究[J].地震地质,2007,29(3):657-673.
[2]李旭华.新疆西准噶尔推覆构造初探[C]//中国北方板块构造论文集(第二集).北京:地质出版社,1987:57-66.
[3]巴利A W.油气产状的地质动力背景[C]//全球大地构造与石油勘探.北京:石油化学工业出版社,1975:10-31.
[4]罗志立.试论中国型(C-型)冲断带及其油气勘探问题[J].石油天然气地质,1984,5(4):20-25.
[5]LUO Zhili.On the mechanism on the LongmenMountains thrust belt and its influence on the QinghaiXizang Plateau and accumulation hydrocarbon[J].Geology of the Himalayas,141-150.
[6]罗志立.试评A-俯冲带术语在中国大地构造学中的应用[J].石油实验地质,1994,16(4):317-323.
[7]罗志立,刘树根,雍自权,等.中国陆内俯冲(C-俯冲)的形成和发展[J].新疆石油地质,2003,24(1):1-7.
[8]宋鸿彪,刘树根.龙门山中北段重磁场特征与深部构造关系[C]//龙门山造山带的崛起和四川盆地形成与演化.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1994:195-203.
[9]马丽芳,乔秀夫,闵隆瑞,等.中国地质图集[M].北京:地质出版社,2002.
[10]崔秉荃,龙学明,李元林.川西坳陷的沉降与龙门山的崛起[J].成都地质学院学报,1991,18(1):39-45.
[11]邓康龄.龙门山构造印支期构造递进变形时序[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(4):485-490.
[12]李勇,周荣军,DENSNIORE A L,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑-逆冲作用的地貌标志[J].第四纪地质,2006,26(1):40-51.
[13]罗志立,姚军辉,孙玮,等.试解“中国地质百慕大”之谜[J].新疆石油地质,2004,27(1):1-5.
[14]王二七,孟庆任,陈智,等.龙门山断裂印支期左旋走滑运动及其大地构造成因[J].地学前缘,2001,8(2):375-384.
[15]刘树根,罗志立,戴苏兰.龙门山冲断带隆升和川西前陆盆地沉降[J].地质学报,1995,69(3):205-213.
[16]刘树根,罗志立,赵锡奎,等.龙门山造山带-川西前陆盆地系统形成的动力学模式及模拟研究[C]//中国板块构造和含油气盆地分析.北京:石油工业出版社,2005:343-352.
[17]刘树根.龙门山冲断带与川西前陆盆地的形成演化[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1993.
[18]黄圣睦,董瑞英.中国强震活动图象与地震预报[M].成都:成都地图出版社,1997:96-102.
[19]张金熔,丁伟明.龙门山中北段遥感图象解释的新发现[C]//龙门山造山带的崛起和四川盆地的形成与演化.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1994.
[20]陈国光,计凤桔,周荣军,等.龙门山断裂带第四纪活动性分段的初步研究[J].地震地质,2007,29(3):657-673.
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