山区乡村居民的自然灾害感知研究——以陕西省太白县咀头镇上白云村为例
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摘要
灾害感知研究对于深入理解人地关系,推动"有序人类活动"具有重要意义。乡村居民的灾害感知是居民灾害感知的重要组成部分,也是新农村建设要考虑的重要因素。上白云村位于秦岭南坡,是个自然灾害频发的地区,以入户访谈的形式对该村进行了调查。结果显示:1.村民灾害感知程度较强,对灾害的认识与客观情况比较一致;2.目前自然灾害对上白云村种植业有较大影响,但对村民的正常生活影响却不大。从长远角度看自然灾害对上白云村村民生活的影响有加剧的趋势;3.在减灾过程中政府与村民配合不紧密,村民有独自面对灾害的倾向;4.居民灾后寻求帮助的对象多倾向于家人和邻居,基层政府次之,村民灾后寻求帮助的可能性随着社会距离(社会关系的疏远度)的增加呈现衰减趋势;5.村民多采用传统防灾措施应对灾害,对地震及科学技术含量较高的灾害防御知识了解不足。
It is very significant to research on disaster perception for understanding deeply the relationship between human and environment, and promoting "orderly human activities". Shangbaiyun Village,as a example, in Taibai County of Shaanxi province, located on the southern slope of Qinling Mountain. It is a region where natural disasters happened frequently. By using the way of in-door questionnaire survey and talking that refer to the measure indicators on disaster perception, the resident's disaster perception were investigated in a Village of Mountainous Area. The results indicate that: (1) Villagers have stronger level of disasters perception. Their disaster perception is consistent with objective situation. (2) Natural disasters had more impact on cropping than that on ordinarily living presently, but its trend to influence on Villager's living is increasing for a long-term. (3) In the process of reducing the disaster, the governments and the villagers do not operated harmoniously, the villagers have the trend of facing disasters alone. (4) Family members and the neighbors are the first choice for help when disasters occur, government is secondly. The choice probability asking for help after disaster has attenuation trend with length increase of social distance ( alienation degree of social relationship ). (5) Villagers response to the disasters with the traditional manners, they are lack of the knowledge of modern disaster reduction and earthquake.
It is very significant to research on disaster perception for understanding deeply the relationship between human and environment, and promoting "orderly human activities". Shangbaiyun Village,as a example, in Taibai County of Shaanxi province, located on the southern slope of Qinling Mountain. It is a region where natural disasters happened frequently. By using the way of in-door questionnaire survey and talking that refer to the measure indicators on disaster perception, the resident's disaster perception were investigated in a Village of Mountainous Area. The results indicate that: (1) Villagers have stronger level of disasters perception. Their disaster perception is consistent with objective situation. (2) Natural disasters had more impact on cropping than that on ordinarily living presently, but its trend to influence on Villager's living is increasing for a long-term. (3) In the process of reducing the disaster, the governments and the villagers do not operated harmoniously, the villagers have the trend of facing disasters alone. (4) Family members and the neighbors are the first choice for help when disasters occur, government is secondly. The choice probability asking for help after disaster has attenuation trend with length increase of social distance ( alienation degree of social relationship ). (5) Villagers response to the disasters with the traditional manners, they are lack of the knowledge of modern disaster reduction and earthquake.
引文
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[3]ISDR.Living with Risk:Aglobal reviewof disaster reduction initia-tives[EB/OL].www.unisdr.org.August2002.
[4]Ye Duzheng.Research of China's Global change and sustainable de-velopment[J].Advance N Earth Sciences,1999,14(4):317~318[叶笃正.中国的全球变化与可持续发展研究[J].地球科学进展.1999,14(4):317~318]
[5]Ye Duzheng,LJianhua.The future impact of global change adap-tation and sustainable development[J].Bulletin ofChinese Academy ofSciences,2000(3):183~187[叶笃正,吕建华.对未来全球变化影响的适应和可持续发展[J].中国科学院院刊.2000(3):183~187]
[6]Liu Tungsheng.Globle changes and sustainabilty science[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(1):1~8[刘东生.全球变化和可持续发展科学[J].地学前沿,2002,9(1):1~8]
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[11]Liu Yinge.Countermeasure and Disasters of Weather and Climate[M].Beijing:China Environment Press,2005.[刘引鸽.气象气候灾害与对策[M].北京:中国环境出版社.2005].
[12]Ye Yiqian,Zhu Beili.Psychology[M].Wuhan:East China Normal University Press,1994.[叶奕乾,祝蓓里.心理学[M].武汉:华东师范大学出版社,1994].
[13]Liu Rongmao,Feng Rongwei.Investigation and analysis of the situ-ation of peasant's cognition of agriculture's natural calamity and ag-ricultural insurance[J].Journal ofCatastrophology,2006,21(1):117~120[刘荣茂,冯荣伟.农民对自然灾害和农业保险认知情况的调查分析[J].灾害学,2006,21(1):117~120]
[14]Peng Jian,Zhou Shangyi.Environmental perception and awareness building of Beijing citizens[J].Ren Wen Di Li,2001,16(3):22~25[彭建,周尚意.公众环境感知与建立环境意识[J].人文地理,2001,16(3):22~25]
[15]Li Jingyi,Zhouqi,Yan Rui.Study on index system for assessment of populace′s ability in calamity perception[J].Journal ofNatural Disasters,2002,11(4):129~134[李景宜,周旗,严瑞.国民灾害感知能力测评指标体系研究[J].自然灾害学报,2002,11(4):129~134]
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[17]Zhou Qi,Li Jingyi,Zhao Jingbo.Study on index system of assess-ment of public disaster perception in the western China[J].Chi-nese Geographical Science,2003(3):284~288
[18]Wang Jing,Lu Dadao.Mainland subject-Geography should serve country demands[N].Science Times,2005,17(3).[王静,陆大道.本土学科地理应服务国家需求[N].科学时报,2005,17(3)].
[19]Li Xiaojian.Farmer study of economic geography[J].Ren Wen Di Li,2005(3):1~4[李小建.经济地理学中的农户研究[J].人文地理,2005(3):1~4]
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