地震瞬空参数法及其应用
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摘要
提出了一种变有害奇异值为更有利于横向储层预测有效信息的提取方法———瞬空参数法(SIPA),并与时间域中基于复数道分析的常规瞬时参数法进行了对比。瞬空参数法是通过将地震数据沿层重组后,构成沿层变化的反射振幅信号道,以它为实数道进行瞬空复数道分析,计算出瞬空参数。横向振幅的变化点正是不满足解析条件和性质的奇点,这些奇点所对应的奇异值,刚好对应沿层横向地质结构的突变点。又由于瞬空相位和瞬空波数沿层方向的相对变化率大于振幅的相对变化率,因此利用瞬空参数进行断层、裂缝、缝洞发育带、河道、地层尖灭点等各种岩性突变点更有效。通过瞬空参数应用效果的数值模拟和Y地区的资料处理,以及裂缝性储层预测的实际效果,证明了上述结论的正确性。
As a comparison to conventional instantaneous parameter analysis based on complex trace analysis in time domain,a new method,space-instantaneous parameter analysis (SIPA),is proposed in this paper,which changes the harmful singular values in seismic complex traces into effective information and is more useful in lateral prediction of reservoir.This method recombines seismic data along horizon to form varying reflection amplitude signal traces which are used as real traces to process space instantaneous complex trace analysis,and calculate out the space instantaneous parameters.The change points of lateral amplitude are just these singular points which are not satisfied with the summary of analysis conditions and characters,the singular point corresponding to the singular value are just correspond to geological structure catastrophe points along the horizontal layer,the relative change ratio of instantaneous phase and wavenumber along the horizon is greater than that of amplitude.Consequently,SIPA can effectively detect fault,crack,fracture-rich zone,channel,fringe and other lithological pinch-out points.The results of numerical modeling and fractured reservoir prediction with real seismic data in Y area show that the above conclusion is correct.
As a comparison to conventional instantaneous parameter analysis based on complex trace analysis in time domain,a new method,space-instantaneous parameter analysis (SIPA),is proposed in this paper,which changes the harmful singular values in seismic complex traces into effective information and is more useful in lateral prediction of reservoir.This method recombines seismic data along horizon to form varying reflection amplitude signal traces which are used as real traces to process space instantaneous complex trace analysis,and calculate out the space instantaneous parameters.The change points of lateral amplitude are just these singular points which are not satisfied with the summary of analysis conditions and characters,the singular point corresponding to the singular value are just correspond to geological structure catastrophe points along the horizontal layer,the relative change ratio of instantaneous phase and wavenumber along the horizon is greater than that of amplitude.Consequently,SIPA can effectively detect fault,crack,fracture-rich zone,channel,fringe and other lithological pinch-out points.The results of numerical modeling and fractured reservoir prediction with real seismic data in Y area show that the above conclusion is correct.
引文
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[2]TANER M T,KOEHLER F,SHERIFF R E.Complexseismic trace analysis[J].Geophysics,1979,44(6):1041.
[3]张建宁,于建国.地震属性应用中的不确定性分析[J].石油物探,2006,45(4):373.
[4]王达昌.陆相地层中亮点的检测效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,1982,17(4):30.
[5]张志禹,高静怀,秦卫阳,等.小波变换用于高分辨率三瞬参数提取研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,1998,1:54.
[6]黄德济.地震波主特性参数的提取[J].石油地球物理勘探,1989,24(2):155.
[7]贺振华.地震波复数道分析的计算方法[J].石油物探,1980,19(4):64.
[8]西安交通大学高等数学教研室.工程数学复变函数[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1978.
[9]黄绪德.油气预测与油气藏描述———地震勘探直接找油气[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,2003.
[10]奥东海姆A V,谢弗著R W.数字信号处理[M].董士嘉,杨耀译.北京:科技出版社,1980
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