典型重工业城市热岛效应特征分析——以唐山市为例
详细信息 本馆镜像全文    |  推荐本文 | | 获取馆网全文
摘要
本文选取唐山这座典型重工业城市,以地震后的气象资料(1977年-2006年)和2006年7月1日-2007年6月30日对比观测资料,采用统计分析方法对热岛效应特征进行研究与对比分析,结果发现:①1977年-2006年间热岛强度平均为0.51℃,最近10年热岛强度平均为0.82℃;②热岛效应的日变化明显,"夜热岛"强于"日热岛",变化幅度为-0.1~1.5℃。一年中夏秋季节热岛强度比冬春季节热岛强度明显,其中夏季最为明显。春、夏、秋、冬四季分别为-0.16~1.16℃、0.12~2.44℃、-0.09~1.49℃、-0.27~0.95℃;③唐山市上半年(1月-6月)的热岛强度高于下半年(6月-12月),气温跃变后唐山站与周围各站之间的热岛强度均大于全系列热岛强度;④人口总量、人口密度、建成区面积是城市热岛强度的主要影响因素,产业结构(重工业比例)也可能是影响热岛效应的主要因素之一。
Heat Island Intensity Effect (HIIE) of Tangshan City,a typical heavy industrial city,was analyzed by compared climate data from the literature during the period from 1977 to 2006 and that of July 1 2006 to June 31 2007 in this paper.Climatic variations were characterized by annual average temperature,mean month temperature and mean daily temperature.The correlation between the urbanization process and the climatic change was examined.Result showed that: 1) the temperature in urban districts was higher than that in suburban districts.The heat island intensity was increasing year by year,estimated to be 0.51℃ from 1977 to 2006 on average and 0.82℃ in recent ten years;2) the daily variation in heat island intensity was obvious,which was -0.1℃ to 1.5℃.The daytime heat island intensity was stronger than that of nighttime.The heat island intensity in summer was stronger than other seasons.The diurnal fluctuation was maximal in summer.The intensity of spring,summer,autumn and winter was found to be -0.16-1.16℃,0.12-2.44℃,-0.09-1.49℃,and -0.27-0.95℃,respectively;3) the heat island intensity in the first half year was stronger than that of the second half year in Tangshan City.Between the urban areas and various suburbs,the heat island intensity behaves differently.The heat island intensity differs in various suburbs and various months.The heat island intensity of Tangshan station and others surrounding it was strong;and 4) the number and density of population,as well as current urban area,were major factors contributing to the heat island intensity.In addition,the heat island intensity may also be affected by industrial structures.The heavy industry refer to highly energy-consuming and discharge enterprises,which can cause temperature to rise in some areas.Under the influence of weather factors without wind,high-temperature frequently corresponds to gas emissions.The suspended solids from enterprises in the atmosphere cannot spread in time,which causes temperature differences between urban areas and suburban areas.It was therefore considered a key reason that led to differences in representation of heat island effect between typical heavy urban areas and other areas.Through reasonable planning of urban construction,energy conservation,clean energy,forestation,family planning,and the control of population density,climatic change could be mitigated to certain degree.Sustainable development of a city could thus be realized.The study provides a meaningful basis for further studies on the effect of urbanization on urban climate.
引文
[1]初子莹,任国玉.北京地区城市热岛强度变化对区域温度序列的影响[J].气象学报,2005,63(4):534-540.
    [2]Tapper N J.Urban influences on boundary layer temperature andhumidity:Results from Christchurch,New Zealand[J].Atmos.E nviron.,1990,24:19-27.
    [3]Zhou LM,Dickinson R E,Tian Y H,et al.Evidence for as ignifitcant urbanization effect on climate in China[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(26):9540-9544.
    [4]Fernando H J S,Lee S M,Anderson J,et al.Urban fluidm echanlcs:Air circulation and contaminant dispersion in cities[J].Environmental Fluid Mechanics,2001,1:107-164.
    [5]Changnon S A.Inadvertent weather modification in urban areas:L essons for global climate change Bull[J].Amer.Meteor.Soc.,1992,73(5):619-627.
    [6]Tarleton L F,Katz R W.Statistical explanation for trends ine xtreme Summer temperature at Phoenix,Arizona[J].Journal ofC limate,1995,8(1):1704-1708.
    [7]Magee N,Curts J,Wendler G.The urban heat island effects atF airbanks,Alaska[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,1999,64(1-2):39-47.
    [8]Ackerman B.Temporal march of the Chicago heat island[J].J ournal of Climate and Applied Meteorology,1995,24(6):547-554.
    [9]王喜全,王自发,郭虎.北京“城市热岛”效应现状及特征[J].气候与环境研究,2006,11(5):627-636.
    [10]朱家其,汤绪,江灏.上海市城区气温变化及城市热岛[J].高原气象,2006,25(6):1154-1160.
    [11]韩素芹,孟冬梅,佟华.天津城市热岛及其对污染物扩散影响的数值模拟[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(2):403-407.
    [12]白虎志,任国玉,方锋.兰州城市热岛效应特征及其影响因子研究[J]气象科技,2005,33(6):492-495.
    [13]田武文,黄祖英,胡春娟.西安市气候变暖与城市热岛效应问题研究[J].应用气象学报,2006,17(4):438-443.
    [14]邱新法,顾丽华,曾燕,等.南京城市热岛效应研究[J].气候与环境研究,2008,13(6):807-814.
    [15]丁烨毅,陈有利,黄鹤楼.宁波市城市热岛效应特征分析[J].浙江气象,2008,(4):28-31.
    [16]唐山市统计局编.唐山统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2008.
    [17]徐祥德,汤绪.城市化环境气象学引论[M].北京:气象出版社,2002.
    [18]林学椿,于淑秋.北京地区气温的年代际变化和热岛效应[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):39-44.
    [19]刘转年,阴秀菊.西安城市热岛效应及气象因素分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(2):87-90.
    [20]黄嘉佑,刘小宁.中国南方沿海地区城市热岛效应与人口的关系研究[J].热带气象学报,2004,20(6):713-722.

版权所有:© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心