汉代以后巢湖流域文化衰落的环境考古学观察
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摘要
汉代以后巢湖流域文化衰落是安徽江淮地区考古研究中一个非常引人注目的现象.通过对相关历史文献的分析,并结合近年来环境考古研究的新成果,从环境考古学的角度透视和分析汉代以后巢湖流域文化衰落的原因.结果表明,地理环境改变导致的古"巢淝通道"衰落很可能是汉代以后巢湖流域文化衰落的根源所在.随着汉代以后巢湖流域气候环境的恶化,特别是地震、洪水等自然灾害群发以及中国大的气候背景下经济文化中心转移,加上南北分治的政治地理因素导致的战乱状态,这些都使得古巢淝经济文化交流通道日渐衰落,区域农业生产和经济发展遭受重创;经济地位的日益下降,又导致通道沿线大型聚落难以维系,聚落规模变小,表现在考古学上则是聚落遗址和墓葬数量的大幅度减少,巢湖流域原先繁荣的文化也因失去发展的基础而自此衰落.
The culture decline of Chaohu Lake Basin after the Han Dynasty is a remarkable archaeological phenomenon in Jianghuai region,Anhui Province.Based on the analysis of the relevant historic records,combined with the new progress in environmental archaeological research,the writer uses environmental archaeological perspectives to point out the reason about the culture decline of Chaohu Lake Basin after the Han Dynasty.The results show that the real reason about the culture decline of Chaohu Lake Basin after the Han Dynasty may be caused by the decline of ancient "Chao-Fei Channel".With the deterioration of climate conditions after the Han Dynasty in the Chaohu Lake Basin,combined with flood,earthquake and some other natural disasters,as well as the climate background of Chinese economic and cultural center transfer,together with the north-south division of political and geographical factors that led to the war,these made the ancient "Chao-Fei Channel" decline and destroyed the agricultural economic foundation of the culture development in the Chaohu Lake Basin.These also brought the decline of the development of settlements.Since then,the culture development of Chaohu Lake Basin declined.
The culture decline of Chaohu Lake Basin after the Han Dynasty is a remarkable archaeological phenomenon in Jianghuai region,Anhui Province.Based on the analysis of the relevant historic records,combined with the new progress in environmental archaeological research,the writer uses environmental archaeological perspectives to point out the reason about the culture decline of Chaohu Lake Basin after the Han Dynasty.The results show that the real reason about the culture decline of Chaohu Lake Basin after the Han Dynasty may be caused by the decline of ancient "Chao-Fei Channel".With the deterioration of climate conditions after the Han Dynasty in the Chaohu Lake Basin,combined with flood,earthquake and some other natural disasters,as well as the climate background of Chinese economic and cultural center transfer,together with the north-south division of political and geographical factors that led to the war,these made the ancient "Chao-Fei Channel" decline and destroyed the agricultural economic foundation of the culture development in the Chaohu Lake Basin.These also brought the decline of the development of settlements.Since then,the culture development of Chaohu Lake Basin declined.
引文
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[23]杨小英.《鄂君启节》所见楚史三题研究[J].江汉论坛,2004,(4):80-82.
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[26]李孝聪.中国区域历史地理[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2004:251-252.
[27]蓝勇.中国历史地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005:283-289.
[2]张广胜,李祥,何慧,等.巢湖流域全新世以来环境演变与环境考古研究的回顾与展望[M]//周昆叔,鲍贤伦.环境考古研究(第四辑)[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2007:265-271.
[3]钱玉春.巢湖市北山头古墓群考[J].巢湖学院学报,2007,9(1):69-73.
[4]王心源,何慧,钱玉春,等.从环境考古角度对古居巢国的蠡测[J].安徽师范大学学报:自然科学版,2005,28(1):56-59.
[5]宁业高,杨福生,王心源.居巢考释[J].巢湖学院学报,2006,8(4):72-78.
[6]钱玉春.巢湖市唐嘴水下遗址调查报告[J].巢湖学院学报,2006,8(1):47-53.
[7]朔知.从凌家滩文化看中国文明的起源[J].安徽史学,2000,(3):12-15.
[8]张弛.长江中下游地区史前聚落研究[M].北京:文物出版社,2003.
[9]安徽省地方志编纂委员会.安徽省志.文物志[M].北京:方志出版社,1998.
[10]魏嵩山.古巢国考[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1999:18-21.
[11]WANG Xinyuan,ZHANG Guangsheng,WU Li,et al.Environmental changes during early-middle Holocene from the sediment record of theChaohu Lake,Anhui Province[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,53(Supp.I):153-160.
[12]王心源,吴立,张广胜,等.安徽巢湖全新世湖泊沉积物磁化率与粒度组合的变化特征及其环境意义[J].地理科学,2008,28(4):548-553.
[13]吴立,王心源,张广胜,等.安徽巢湖湖泊沉积物孢粉-炭屑组合记录的全新世以来植被与气候演变[J].古地理学报,2008,10(2):183-192.
[14]高超,王心源,杨则东,等.巢湖崩塌岸成因初步研究[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(2):49-56.
[15]贾铁飞,戴雪荣,张卫国,等.全新世巢湖沉积记录及其环境变化意义[J].地理科学,2006,26(6):706-711.
[16]何华春,王颖,李书恒.长江南京段历史洪水位追溯[J].地理学报,2004,59(6):938-947.
[17]王心源.巢湖北山地质考察与区域地质旅游教程[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2007:90-94.
[18]安徽省人民政府地震局.安徽地震史料辑注[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1983:1-5.
[19]CHU Kochen.A preliminary study on the climatic fluctuations during the last 5,000 years in China[J].Scientia Sinica,1973,16(2):226-256.
[20]杨钧.巢肥运河[J].地理学报,1958,24(1):67-78.
[21]刘彩玉.论淝水源与“江淮运河”[J].历史研究,1960,(3):69-78.
[22](清)陆龙腾,于觉世,李恩绶.巢县志.巢湖志[M].合肥:黄山书社,2004:32-35.
[23]杨小英.《鄂君启节》所见楚史三题研究[J].江汉论坛,2004,(4):80-82.
[24]安徽省文物考古研究所.凌家滩———田野考古发掘报告之一[M].北京:文物出版社,2006.
[25]陆荣.宋以前巢湖区域的开发及其对生态环境的影响[J].淮北煤炭师范学院学报:哲学社会科学版,2007,28(5):76-80.
[26]李孝聪.中国区域历史地理[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2004:251-252.
[27]蓝勇.中国历史地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005:283-289.
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