新疆南疆地区生态环境特点及其对城市化的约束
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摘要
新疆南疆地区属典型的大陆干旱气候,光、热及土地资源丰富,水份蒸发量大于降水量,天然植物稀少,生态类型复杂多样,生态系统脆弱,风、沙、地震等自然灾害频繁.在脆弱的绿洲生态环境约束下,南疆地区的城市化体现了干旱区城市化的主要特点,即城镇数量少、规模小,城镇结构不合理,布局分散.南疆地区城市化过程中,生态环境的影响主要表现在:土地资源、水资源、环境污染与自然灾害等生态环境从城市的空间分布、生产方式和城镇规模等几个方面影响南疆地区的城市发展.南疆地区在城市化过程中,除了要注重城市环境保护,还必须选择可持续城市、生态城市等城市化发展模式,推进城市化发展.
With the rapid development of ecology science,urban ecology has become one of its main research fields.As the constraint of eco-environment to urbanization becomes increasingly obvious,research of its limiting effects is urgent and necessary to Southern Xinjiang,where the eco-environment is vulnerable and the urbanization rate is very low.The eco-environment in Southern Xinjiang is very special and characterized by a typical arid climate,rich light,heat and land resources,greater evaporation than precipitation,scarcity of natural plant species,complicated eco-types,vulnerable eco-system and frequent disasters of wind and sand storms and earthquakes.Constrained by the week oasis eco-environment,cities(towns) in Southern Xinjiang share the common characteristics with those in other arid regions: small in number and size,unsatisfactory structure and scattered distribution.Using the simple statistical analysis approach,our research finds that the main effects of eco-environment on urbanization in Southern Xinjiang are as follows: factors such as land resources,water resources,environmental pollution and natural disasters affect the urbanization process from the aspects of spatial distribution,production mode and city size.Therefore,in the process of the development of urbanization,Southern Xinjiang should adopt a new development model,i.e.the model of the construction of sustainable cities or eco-cities.
With the rapid development of ecology science,urban ecology has become one of its main research fields.As the constraint of eco-environment to urbanization becomes increasingly obvious,research of its limiting effects is urgent and necessary to Southern Xinjiang,where the eco-environment is vulnerable and the urbanization rate is very low.The eco-environment in Southern Xinjiang is very special and characterized by a typical arid climate,rich light,heat and land resources,greater evaporation than precipitation,scarcity of natural plant species,complicated eco-types,vulnerable eco-system and frequent disasters of wind and sand storms and earthquakes.Constrained by the week oasis eco-environment,cities(towns) in Southern Xinjiang share the common characteristics with those in other arid regions: small in number and size,unsatisfactory structure and scattered distribution.Using the simple statistical analysis approach,our research finds that the main effects of eco-environment on urbanization in Southern Xinjiang are as follows: factors such as land resources,water resources,environmental pollution and natural disasters affect the urbanization process from the aspects of spatial distribution,production mode and city size.Therefore,in the process of the development of urbanization,Southern Xinjiang should adopt a new development model,i.e.the model of the construction of sustainable cities or eco-cities.
引文
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[4]齐梅,林秀梅,杨庆媛,等.重庆市城镇土地集约利用的空间差异分析[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(8):157-162.
[5]SULTAN M,FISKE M.Monitoring the Urbanization of the Nile Delta,Egypt[J].Ambio,1999,28(7):627-631.
[6]黄柱美.南疆贫困地区贫困贷款管理问题及对策[J].新疆金融,2004(4):52-53.
[7]宋郁东,樊自立,雷志栋,等.中国塔里木河水资源与生态问题研究[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,2000.
[8]韩德林,王哲,唐明达,等,新疆地理手册[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社.1993.
[9]钱云,郝毓灵,金海龙,等.新疆绿洲[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,2000.
[10]李新琪,李建军,朱海涌,等.新疆生态环境质量综合评价研究[J],干旱环境监测,2003,17(2):82-86.
[11]周华荣,潘伯荣,海热提.涂尔逊.新疆生态环境现状综合评价研究[J],干旱区地理,2002,24(1):24-30.
[12]刘耀彬.城市化与生态环境耦合机制与调控研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2007.
[13]方创琳,鲍超,乔标,等.城市化过程与生态环境效应[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[14]张小雷,雷军.水土资源的约束下的新疆城镇体系结构演进[J].科学通报,2006,51(S1):148-155.
[15]新疆维吾尔自治区环境保护局.新疆维吾尔自治区2007年环境状况公报[EB/OL].[2010-06-10].http://www.xjepb.gov.cn/hjzkgb/2007/index.htm.
[16]新疆维吾尔自治区统计局.新疆统计年鉴(2008)[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2008.
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