地震储层表征:在模拟储层的三维地震响应时考虑盖层、地震勘探布局和储层物性的敏感度(英文)
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摘要
根据三维地震地质模型对地震数据进行模拟是从勘探到生产的周期内决策过程中的一个不可或缺的组成部分。虽然对于在储层内的动力过程和地震地质的模型表述已经取得很大进展,但如何从这些模型得到地震数据的精确模拟仍面临很多挑战。通常是在地球模型范围内根据物性用一维褶积方法来模拟地震数据。然而这个过程一般不考虑地震勘探布局和盖层对地震信号的影响。我们审视了为什么这些因素会制约三维地球模型的有效性,并考虑了为什么需要把盖层和地震勘探布局对三维覆盖和分辨率的影响加进模拟过程之中。我们提出了一种新方法,把建立物性模型和一种新的地震模拟技术结合起来,给出一个工作流程;利用这个流程,勘探工作者可以很快模拟出三维的PSDM数据,这些数据加进了盖层和地震勘探布局对覆盖及分辨率的影响。我们利用从远离挪威海岸的一个油田得到的数据,在考虑覆盖和分辨率效应的地震数据模拟之前,对岩石物性做了一些扰动,然后进行地震数据模拟,以此来说明如何可以用这种方法提高三维地球模型的精确性和增进我们对储层的了解。
The simulation of seismic data from 3D Earth models is an integral part of the decision process within the exploration and production cycle.Although major advances have been made in the representation of the Earth and the dynamic processes present within the reservoir,the accurate simulation of seismic data from these models still remains a challenge.Conventionally,1D convolution methods are used to simulate seismic data from the properties within the Earth model.However,this process does not generally consider the effect that the survey and overburden have on the seismic signal.We look at why this is limiting the effectiveness of the 3D Earth model and consider why there is a need to incorporate the 3D illumination and resolution effects from the overburden and survey into the simulation process.We present a new methodology,which integrates rock physics modeling with a new seismic simulation technology to provide a workflow,which enables the explorationist to rapidly simulate 3D PSDM data that incorporates the illumination and resolution effects of the overburden and survey.Using data from an existing field off the Norwegian coast,we demonstrate how the perturbation of rock physics properties followed by the simulation of seismic data,which incorporated illumination and resolution effects,can be used to improve the accuracy of the 3D Earth model and our understanding of the reservoir.
The simulation of seismic data from 3D Earth models is an integral part of the decision process within the exploration and production cycle.Although major advances have been made in the representation of the Earth and the dynamic processes present within the reservoir,the accurate simulation of seismic data from these models still remains a challenge.Conventionally,1D convolution methods are used to simulate seismic data from the properties within the Earth model.However,this process does not generally consider the effect that the survey and overburden have on the seismic signal.We look at why this is limiting the effectiveness of the 3D Earth model and consider why there is a need to incorporate the 3D illumination and resolution effects from the overburden and survey into the simulation process.We present a new methodology,which integrates rock physics modeling with a new seismic simulation technology to provide a workflow,which enables the explorationist to rapidly simulate 3D PSDM data that incorporates the illumination and resolution effects of the overburden and survey.Using data from an existing field off the Norwegian coast,we demonstrate how the perturbation of rock physics properties followed by the simulation of seismic data,which incorporated illumination and resolution effects,can be used to improve the accuracy of the 3D Earth model and our understanding of the reservoir.
引文
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Johansen T A,Drottning,Lecomte I,et al.2002.Seismic model-ling of fluid substitution effects.Geophysical Prospecting,50,119-137.
Laurain R,Vinje V,Strand C.2004.Simulated migration amplitudefor improving amplitude estimates in seismic illumination stud-ies.The Leading Edge,23(3):240.
Lecomte I.2006.Illumination resolution and incidence-angle in PS-DM:a tutorial.Expanded Abstracts,SEG76th Annual Meet-ing,New Orleans,2544-2548.
Lecomte I,Hamran S E,Gelius LJ.2005.Improving Kirchhoff mi-gration with repeated Local Plane-Wave imaging?a SAR-in-spired signal-processing approach in prestack depth imaging.Geophysical Prospecting,53:767-785.
Lecomte I,Pochon-Guérin L.2005.Simulated2D/3D PSDMimageswith a fast,robust,andflexible FFT-basedfiltering approach.Ex-panded Abstracts,SEG75th Annual Meeting,Houston,SPI-1.1.
Lecomte I,Gjφystdal H,Drottning.2003.Simulated PrestackLocal Imaging:a robust and efficient interpretation tool to con-trol illumination,resolution,and time-lapse properties of reser-voirs.Expanded Abstracts,SEG International Exposition andSeventy-Third Annual Meeting,Dallas26-31October,1529-1532(RCT7.2).
Osdal B,Husby O,Aronsen H,et al.2006.Mapping the fluidfront and pressure buildup using4D data on Norne Field.TheLeading Edge,September,1134-1141.
Skorstad A,Kolbjφrnsen O,Drottning,et al.2006.CombiningSaturation Changes and4D Seismic for Updating ReservoirCharacterizations.SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,Oct.2006.
Vinje V,Iversen E,stebφl K,et al.1996.Estimation of multival-ued arrivals in3D models using wavefront construction.Part I&II.Geophysical Prospecting,44:819-858.
Drottning A,Johansen T A,SkjervheimJ A,et al.2005.Seismicresponse of fluid flowin a layered permeability model,Proceed-ings,EAGE67th Conference and Technical Exhibition,Ma-drid,Spain,June13-16.
Drottning ,Lecomte I,Gjφystdal H,et al.2004.Towards an effi-cient workflowfor modelling the seismic responses fromreser-voir fluid simulator data,SGBf/SPE Workshop,22-24June,Rio de Janeiro.
Johansen T A,Drottning,Lecomte I,et al.2002.Seismic model-ling of fluid substitution effects.Geophysical Prospecting,50,119-137.
Laurain R,Vinje V,Strand C.2004.Simulated migration amplitudefor improving amplitude estimates in seismic illumination stud-ies.The Leading Edge,23(3):240.
Lecomte I.2006.Illumination resolution and incidence-angle in PS-DM:a tutorial.Expanded Abstracts,SEG76th Annual Meet-ing,New Orleans,2544-2548.
Lecomte I,Hamran S E,Gelius LJ.2005.Improving Kirchhoff mi-gration with repeated Local Plane-Wave imaging?a SAR-in-spired signal-processing approach in prestack depth imaging.Geophysical Prospecting,53:767-785.
Lecomte I,Pochon-Guérin L.2005.Simulated2D/3D PSDMimageswith a fast,robust,andflexible FFT-basedfiltering approach.Ex-panded Abstracts,SEG75th Annual Meeting,Houston,SPI-1.1.
Lecomte I,Gjφystdal H,Drottning.2003.Simulated PrestackLocal Imaging:a robust and efficient interpretation tool to con-trol illumination,resolution,and time-lapse properties of reser-voirs.Expanded Abstracts,SEG International Exposition andSeventy-Third Annual Meeting,Dallas26-31October,1529-1532(RCT7.2).
Osdal B,Husby O,Aronsen H,et al.2006.Mapping the fluidfront and pressure buildup using4D data on Norne Field.TheLeading Edge,September,1134-1141.
Skorstad A,Kolbjφrnsen O,Drottning,et al.2006.CombiningSaturation Changes and4D Seismic for Updating ReservoirCharacterizations.SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,Oct.2006.
Vinje V,Iversen E,stebφl K,et al.1996.Estimation of multival-ued arrivals in3D models using wavefront construction.Part I&II.Geophysical Prospecting,44:819-858.
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