浅议CO_2地质封存的潜在风险
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摘要
随着气候的不断变暖,全球开始寻找减缓气候变暖的技术及措施,在所有减排技术中,CCS技术贡献达20%以上。CCS技术虽是有效减排CO2和提高石油、天然气等能源采收率的技术手段,但目前该技术尚处于发展阶段,还存在一些潜在的风险问题,捕集、运输、封存三个环节都存在CO2泄露的风险,泄露将污染地下水、影响动植物甚至人类,还有可能诱发地震等。主要研究了CCS技术的地质封存环节CO2泄露存在的潜在风险,分析了地质封存的CO2泄漏的方式及危害,并提出了可采取的应对措施。
With the increasing global warming,the whole world has been looking for the technology and measures to mitigate the climate change.Of all the emission reduction technologies,the CCS technology makes 20% of the contribution.Though it could effectively reduce the carbon dioxide emission and increase the recovery efficiency of the oil and natural gas,the CCS technology has yet fully developed.There is the CO2 leakage risk during its capture,transport and storage,which would lead to groundwater pollution.The leakage would also be harmful to the plant,the animal and even the human being.It could induce the earthquake.In this article,we mainly discusses about the CO2 leakage risk of the CCS technology during the geological storage stage,including the ways and harm of the leakage.The countermeasures are proposed.
With the increasing global warming,the whole world has been looking for the technology and measures to mitigate the climate change.Of all the emission reduction technologies,the CCS technology makes 20% of the contribution.Though it could effectively reduce the carbon dioxide emission and increase the recovery efficiency of the oil and natural gas,the CCS technology has yet fully developed.There is the CO2 leakage risk during its capture,transport and storage,which would lead to groundwater pollution.The leakage would also be harmful to the plant,the animal and even the human being.It could induce the earthquake.In this article,we mainly discusses about the CO2 leakage risk of the CCS technology during the geological storage stage,including the ways and harm of the leakage.The countermeasures are proposed.
引文
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[3]郑师谊.全球气候变化及其导致灾害对策分析[J].宏观形势,2009,(2):80-82.
[4]Li Zheng,Zhang Dongjie,Ma Linwei.The necessity of and policysuggestions for implementing a limited number of large scale,fullyintegrated CCS demonstrations in China[J].Energy Policy2011,(39):5347-5355.
[5]段海燕,王雷.我国石油工业二氧化碳地质封存研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2009,31(1):121-124.
[6]左玉辉.环境学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010:464.
[7]石谦,郭卫东,韩宇超,等.二氧化碳海洋倾废的研究进展[J].海洋通报,2005,24(2):72-78.
[8]李洛丹,刘妮,刘道平.二氧化碳海洋封存的研究进展[J].能源与环境,2008,(6):11-13.
[9]刘乾辰.浅谈碳捕获与封存技术(CCS)[J].科技向导,2011,(12):59.
[10]崔振东,刘大安,曾荣树,等.中国CO2地质封存与可持续发展[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2010,20(3):9-13.
[11]IPCC.CO2捕获与封存[M].剑桥大学出版社,2006.
[12]刘兰翠,曹东,王金南.碳捕获与封存技术潜在的环境影响及对策建议[J].气候变化研究进展,2010,6(4):290-295.
[13]Patil Ravi H,Jeremy J.Colls,Michael D.Steven.Effects ofCO2 gas as leaks from geological storage sites on agro-ecosystems[J].Energy,2010(35):4587-4591.
[14]欧志英,彭长连.高浓度二氧化碳对植物影响的研究进展[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2003,11(2):190-196.
[15]李杨,徐国强,黄国宏,等.开放式空气二氧化碳浓度增高(FACE)对稻麦轮作土壤微生物数量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(10):1847-1850.
[16]中国科学院.地质封存温室气体出现新问题[EB/OL].ht-tp://www.cas.cn/xw/kjsm/gjdt/200607/t20060705_1010883.shtml.
[17]人民网环保.掩埋温室气体:碳存储引争议专家献策[EB/OL].http://www.ccchina.gov.cn/en/NewsInfo.asp?NewsId=1708,2006.
[18]生活新报.云南省图书馆二氧化碳气体泄露39人中毒(图)[EB/OL].http://news.qq.com/a/20070722/000040_1.htm.
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