叠前地震直接定量反演方法在火成岩储层预测中的应用研究
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摘要
火成岩油气藏由于其岩性复杂、非均质性强、孔隙及裂缝发育等问题一直是油气勘探难以回避的难点问题.本文结合准噶尔盆地火成岩的特点,以岩心实验数据、录井资料、测井数据为分析基础,研究该地区火成岩岩石物理特征,从众多岩石物理弹性参数中筛选最优的弹性参数,并制作定量分析的岩石物理量版.利用测井曲线正演叠前地震道集模型,分析其火成岩AVO变化特征.直接定量反演时,重点使用Gray F.D的近似Zeoppritz波动方程直接对叠前地震道集反演计算优选出来的弹性参数反射率数据,并通过约束稀疏脉冲反演技术将Gray F.D方程计算得到的叠前地震反射率数据体进行绝对值化,最终实现叠前地震直接定量反演,并利用其结果预测火成岩储层分布.叠前地震直接定量反演方法能够减小计算环节带来的迭代误差,预测结果精度高、可靠性强.
Due to the complex lithology,strong heterogeneity,pore and fracture and other issues of igneous reservoir, which have been an issue and hard to avoid in oil and gas exploration.Combining the characteristics of igneous rock of Junggar Basin,rock-physics characteristics of igneous rock which based on the core experiment data,lithology and well logging data has been researched in them.By analysising a large number of elastic parameters,optimal rock-physics parameter is selected,and quantitative rock-physical version is established.By using the well logging data forward pre-stack seismic model,AVO characteristics variation of igneous rock can also be analyzed.In direct quantitative inversion method,optimal parameter's seismic reflectivity is calculated by approximate Zeoppritz wave equation of Gray F.D,and absolute value of pre-stack seismic reflectivity is calculated with constrained sparse spike inversion method.Finally the direct quantitative pre-stack seismic inversion is achieved.The results are used to predict igneous reservoir distribution.The direct quantitative pre-stack seismic inversion method can reduce the iterative error of calculation,and predicted results are of high precision and reliability.
Due to the complex lithology,strong heterogeneity,pore and fracture and other issues of igneous reservoir, which have been an issue and hard to avoid in oil and gas exploration.Combining the characteristics of igneous rock of Junggar Basin,rock-physics characteristics of igneous rock which based on the core experiment data,lithology and well logging data has been researched in them.By analysising a large number of elastic parameters,optimal rock-physics parameter is selected,and quantitative rock-physical version is established.By using the well logging data forward pre-stack seismic model,AVO characteristics variation of igneous rock can also be analyzed.In direct quantitative inversion method,optimal parameter's seismic reflectivity is calculated by approximate Zeoppritz wave equation of Gray F.D,and absolute value of pre-stack seismic reflectivity is calculated with constrained sparse spike inversion method.Finally the direct quantitative pre-stack seismic inversion is achieved.The results are used to predict igneous reservoir distribution.The direct quantitative pre-stack seismic inversion method can reduce the iterative error of calculation,and predicted results are of high precision and reliability.
引文
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[21]李维新,史謌,王红,等.岩石物理弹性参数规律研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1380-1385. Li W X,Shi G,Wang H,et al.The study on the relationships of elastic properties of rock physics[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22(5):1380-1385.
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[23]陈建江,印兴耀.基于贝叶斯理论的AVO三参数波形反演[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1251-1260. Chen J J,Yin X Y.Three-parameter AVO waveform inversion based on Bayesian theorem[J].Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(4):1251-1260.
[24]彭真明,李亚林,巫盛洪,等.碳酸盐岩储层多角度弹性阻抗流体识别方法[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3):881- 885. Peng Z M,Li Y L,Wu S H,et al.Discriminating gas and water using multi-angle extended elastic impedance inversion in carbonate reservoirs[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2008,51(3):881-885.
[25]李维新,王红,姚振兴,等.基于约束条件横波速度反演和流体替代[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3):785-791. Li W X,Wang H,Yao Z X,et al.Shear-wave velocity estimation and fluid substitution by constraint method[J]. Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(3):785—791.
[2]杨辉,张研,邹才能,等.松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷火山岩分布及天然气富集规律[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4): 1136-1143. Yang H,Zhang Y,Zou C N,et al.Volcanic rock distribution and gas abundance regularity in Xujiaweizi faulted depression, Songliao basin[J],Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006, 49(4):1136-1143.
[3]Connolly P.Elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,1999, 18(4):438-452.
[4]殷八斤,曾灏,杨在岩.AVO技术的理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.12. Yin B J,Zeng H,Yang Z Y.Theory and Practice of AVO technology(in Chinese)[M].Beijng:Petroleum Industry Press,1999.12.
[5]赵政璋,赵贤正,王英民,等.储层地震预测理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.5. Zhao Z Z,Zhao X Z,Wang Y M,et al.Theory and Practice of Reservoir Seismic prediction(in Chinese)[M].Beijing: Science Press,2005.5.
[6]张宇.振幅保真的单程波方程偏移理论[J].地球物理学报, 2006,49(5):1410-1430. Zhang Y.The theory of true amplitude one-way wave equation migration[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49 (5):1410-1430.
[7]徐升,Lambare G.复杂介质下保真振幅Kirchhoff深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1431-1444. Xu S,Lambare G.True amplitude Kirchhoff prestack depth migration in complex media[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(5):1431-1444.
[8]陈生昌,马在田.波动方程的高阶广义屏叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1445-1451. Chen S C,Ma Z T.High order generalized screen propagator for wave equation prestack depth migration[J].Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(5):1445-1451.
[9]Kabir N,Crider R,Ramkhelawan R,et al.Can hydrocarbon saturation be estimated using density contrast parameter[J]? 75th Annual International Meeting.SEG,SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2005,214- 217.
[10]Li Y Y.Density anomaly indicators and application[J].76th Annual International Meeting,SEG,SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2006,299-303.
[11]Young K T,Tatham R H.Lambda-mu-rho inversion as a fluid and lithology discriminator in the Columbus Basin, offshore Trinidad[J].77th Annual International Meeting, SEG,SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2007, 214-218.
[12]Behura J,Kabir N,Crider R,et al.Density extraction from P-wave AVO inversion;Tuscaloosa Trend example[J].77th Annual International Meeting,SEG,SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2007,1466-255.
[13]Van Koughnet R W,Skidmore C M,Kelly M C.et al. Prospecting with the density cube[J].The Leading Edge, 2003,22(10):1038-1045.
[14]Li Y Y,Downton J,Goodway B.Recent applications of AVO to carbonate reservoirs in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin[J].The Leading Edge,2003.22(7): 670-674.
[15]Sun P Y,Lu X L,Li Y P,et al.Elastic parameter AVO approximations and their applications[J].SEG Las Vegas 2008 Annual Meeting,2008,523-527.
[16]Yin X Y,Yang P J,Zhang G Z.A Novel Prestack AVO Inversion and its Application[J].78th Annual International Meeting,SEG,SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 2008,2041-2045.
[17]Debski W,Tarantola A.Information on elastic parameters obtained from the amplitudes of reflected waves[J]. Geophysics,1995,60(5):1426-1436.
[18]Buland A.Landro M,Andersen M,et al.AVO inversion of Troll Field data[J].Geophysics,1996,61(6):1589-1602.
[19]Yang J L,Chang X W,Chen D C,et al.Pre-stack density inversion for gas-saturated carbonate prediction in M block [J].80th Annual International Meeting,SEG,SEG Expanded Abstracts 29,2010,449-452.
[20]史謌,沈文略,杨东全.岩石弹性波速度和饱和度、孔隙流体分布的关系[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):138-143. Shi G,Shen W L,Yang D Q.The relationship of wave velocities with saturation and fluid distribution in pore space[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(1):138-143.
[21]李维新,史謌,王红,等.岩石物理弹性参数规律研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1380-1385. Li W X,Shi G,Wang H,et al.The study on the relationships of elastic properties of rock physics[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22(5):1380-1385.
[22]王保丽,印兴耀,张繁昌,等.基于Fatti近似的弹性阻抗方程及反演[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):192-197. Wang B L,Yin X Y,Zhang F C,et al.Elastic impedance equation based on Fatti approximation and inversion[J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1):192—197.
[23]陈建江,印兴耀.基于贝叶斯理论的AVO三参数波形反演[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1251-1260. Chen J J,Yin X Y.Three-parameter AVO waveform inversion based on Bayesian theorem[J].Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(4):1251-1260.
[24]彭真明,李亚林,巫盛洪,等.碳酸盐岩储层多角度弹性阻抗流体识别方法[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3):881- 885. Peng Z M,Li Y L,Wu S H,et al.Discriminating gas and water using multi-angle extended elastic impedance inversion in carbonate reservoirs[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2008,51(3):881-885.
[25]李维新,王红,姚振兴,等.基于约束条件横波速度反演和流体替代[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3):785-791. Li W X,Wang H,Yao Z X,et al.Shear-wave velocity estimation and fluid substitution by constraint method[J]. Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(3):785—791.
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