2011年春季日本福岛核泄漏污染输送:贵阳~(131)I和~(137)Cs观测示踪分析
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摘要
2011年3月11日,日本本州9.0级地震引发了福岛核电站核泄漏,以及由此引起的131I和137Cs在全球大气环流传输已引起了重视.理论上也对这种输送路径进行了研究.本文报道2011年3月17日—4月28日在贵阳观风山对气溶胶中天然核素(210Pb、7Be)和人为核素(131I、137Cs)近地面空气浓度逐周采样的系统对比观测,并结合该时段贵阳离地面500m高度逐周315h的气团后向轨迹分析.结果表明:福岛核泄漏污染物通过两条显著的途径输送到贵阳地区.第一条是首波核污染通过全球大气环流传输,由西向东,几乎环绕地球一周,历经约10d至两周,最终在3月24日—31日从我国的西北地区入侵抵至贵阳;第二条途径则是福岛地区上空的核污染气团受东北天气系统的挤压南移并在低纬度地区再次先后受到东北和东南气流的影响,于4月7日—14日抵达贵阳.核污染的第一条输送路径是全球尺度,第二条是东亚区域尺度.
The 9.0 Ritcher scale earthquake happened on March 11th,2011 in the Honshu Island,Japan had caused the radioactivity leakage from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant.The leaked artificial nuclides,131I and 137Cs,and their transport processes in the global atmosphere had drawn great public attention.In this paper,the concentrations of radioactive isotopes 7Be,210Pb,131I and 137Cs at the surface level in weekly aerosol samples obtained at the Guanfenshan Moutain,Guiyang,China from March 17th to April 28th,2011 were reported.The variations of the nuclide concentrations associated with their transport paths were analyzed with 315 h-backward trajectories initialized at 500m from the surface level at Guiyang.The results revealed that there were two evident transport paths for 131I and 137Cs from Fukushima to Guiyang.The first path,along with which radioactive pollution tracers reached Guiyang faster,was from the north-western China.These tracers transported eastward and took 10 days to two weeks to arrive the north-western China before they were detected on March 24th—31st in Guiyang.The second path extended south-eastward by the north-east Asian synoptic system at the beginning,then transported south-westward and north-westward before their arrivals on April 7th-14th in Guiyang.The first transport path of radioactive pollution tracer from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant to Guiyang was in the global scale while the second was in the East Asian regional scale.
The 9.0 Ritcher scale earthquake happened on March 11th,2011 in the Honshu Island,Japan had caused the radioactivity leakage from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant.The leaked artificial nuclides,131I and 137Cs,and their transport processes in the global atmosphere had drawn great public attention.In this paper,the concentrations of radioactive isotopes 7Be,210Pb,131I and 137Cs at the surface level in weekly aerosol samples obtained at the Guanfenshan Moutain,Guiyang,China from March 17th to April 28th,2011 were reported.The variations of the nuclide concentrations associated with their transport paths were analyzed with 315 h-backward trajectories initialized at 500m from the surface level at Guiyang.The results revealed that there were two evident transport paths for 131I and 137Cs from Fukushima to Guiyang.The first path,along with which radioactive pollution tracers reached Guiyang faster,was from the north-western China.These tracers transported eastward and took 10 days to two weeks to arrive the north-western China before they were detected on March 24th—31st in Guiyang.The second path extended south-eastward by the north-east Asian synoptic system at the beginning,then transported south-westward and north-westward before their arrivals on April 7th-14th in Guiyang.The first transport path of radioactive pollution tracer from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant to Guiyang was in the global scale while the second was in the East Asian regional scale.
引文
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万国江,郑向东,Lee H N,等.2006.瓦里关山与观风山近地面空气7Be浓度季节性变化对比[J].地球化学,35(3):257-264Wan G J,Zheng X D,Lee H N,et al.2006.A comparison for seasonalvariation of7Be concentrations in surface air between Mt.Waliguanand Mt.Guanfeng[J].Geochimica,35(3):257-264(inChinese)
Wan G J,Lee H N,Wan E Y,et al.2008.Analyses of210Pbconcentrations in surface air and in rain water at the centralGuizhou,China[J].Tellus B,60(1):32-41
万国江,万恩源,王仕禄,等.2009.冰雪凝冻天气对气溶胶的传输影响—基于贵阳观风山大气210Pb和7Be观测[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,28(增刊):500-500Wan G J,Wan E Y,Wang S L,et al.2009.Aerosol transfers duringfreezing weather Based on the observation of210Pb and7Beconcentrations in surface air at Mt.Guanfeng,Guiyang,China[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,28(Supp):500-500(in Chinese)
万国江,郑向东,Lee H N,等.2010a.黔中气溶胶传输的210Pb和7Be示踪:Ⅰ.周时间尺度的解释[J].地球科学进展,25(5):492-504Wan G J,Zheng X D,Lee H N,et al.2010a.210Pb and7Be as tracersfor aerosol transfers at center Guizhou,China:Ⅰ.The explanation byweekly interval[J].Advances in Earth Science,25(5):492-504(in Chinese)
万国江,郑向东,Lee H N,等.2010b.黔中气溶胶传输的210Pb和7Be示踪:Ⅱ.月及年时间尺度的剖析[J].地球科学进展,25(5):505-514Wan G J,Zheng X D,Lee H N,et al.2010b.210Pb and7Be as tracersfor aerosol transfers at center Guizhou,China:Ⅱ.The interpretationby monthly and yearly intervals[J].Advances in Earth Science,25(5):505-514(in Chinese)
Zanis P,Schuepbach E,Gggeler H W,et al.1999.Factors controlling beryllium-7at Jungfraujoch in Switzerland[J],Tellus B,51(4):789-805
郑向东,陈尊裕,崔宏,等.2004,长江三角洲地区春季低空大气臭氧垂直分布特征[J].中国科学D辑,32(12):1184-1192Zheng X D,Chan C Y,Cui H.et al.2004.Characteristics of verticalozone distribution in the lower troposphere in the Yangtze RiverDelta at Lin'an in the spring of2001[J].Sci in China Ser(DEarth Sci),48(9):1519-1528
郑向东,万国江,汤洁,等.2005.瓦里关山近地面气溶胶中7Be和210Pb的观测及其对臭氧浓度变化的示踪[J].科学通报,50(1):72-76Zheng X D,Wan G J,Tang J,et al.2005.7Be and210Pb radioactivityand implications on sources of surface ozone at Mt.Waliguan[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,50(2):167-171
Zheng X D,Wan G J,Chen Z Y,et al.2008.Measurement andmeteorological analysis of7Be and210Pb in aerosol at WaliguanObservatory[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,25(3):401-416
郑向东,万国江,汤洁.2011.7Be和210Pb示踪研究瓦里关山近地面O3和CO2浓度变化特征[J].中国科学D辑(地球科学),41(4):562-572Zheng X D,Wan G J,Tang J.2011.Source characteristics of O3andCO2at Mt.Waliguan Observatory,Tibetan Plateau implied by using7Be and210Pb[J].Sci China Earth Sci,54:550-560,doi:10.1007/s11430-010-4121-x
Draxler R R.2003.Evaluation of an ensemble dispersion calculation[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,42:308-317
Feely H W,Larsen R J,Sanderson C G.1989.Factors that causeseasonal variations in Beryllium-7concentrations in surface air[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,9(3):223-249
Holton J R,Haynes P H,McIntyre E M,et al.1995.Stratosphere-troposphere exchange[J].Reviews of Geophysics,33:403-439
Krishnaswami S,Seidemann D E.1988.Comparative study of222Rn,40Ar,39Ar and37Ar leakage from rocks and minerals:Implicationsfor the role of nanopores in gas transport through natural silicates[J].Geochim Cosmochim Acta,52:655-658
Lal D,Peters B.1967.Cosmic Ray Produced Radioactivity on theEarth.In:Handbuch der Physik[J].New York:Springer-Verlag.46(2):551-612
Lee H N,Wan G J,Zheng X D,et al.2004.Measurements of210Pband7Be in China and Their Analysis Accompanied with Globalmodel calculations of210Pb[J].JGR,109,D22203,doi:10.1029/2004JD005061
乔方利,王关锁,赵伟,等.2011.2011年3月日本福岛核泄漏物质输运扩散路径的情景模拟和预测[J].科学通报,56(12):964-971Qiao F L,Wang G S,Zhao W,et al.2011.Predicting the spread ofnuclear radiation from the damaged Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant[J].Chinese Sci Bull,56(8):1890-1896
Santschi P H.1983.Radioisotopes in aquatic sciences[J].EAWAG/News,(14-15):1-6
Turekian K K,Nozaki Y&Benninger L K.1977.Geochemistry ofatmospheric radon and radon products[J].Ann Rev Earth PlanetSci,5:227-255
Wan G J,Appleby P G.1999.Radionuclides in ecological systems.(A.Farina ed).《Perspectives in Ecology,A glance from theⅦInternational Congress of Ecology(INTECOL),Florence,Italy,19-25July1998》.[M].Leiden:Backhuys Publishers.369-379
万国江,Appleby P G.2000.环境生态系统散落核素示踪研究新进展[J].地球科学进展,15(2):172-177Wan G J,Appleby P G.2000.Progress on Fallout Radionuclides asTracers in Environ-Ecological Systems[J].Advance in EarthSciences,15(2):172-177(in Chinese)
万国江,杨伟,王仕禄,等.2005.黔中地区近地面空气210Pb的高浓度U型分布特征[J].科学通报,50(14):1498-1502Wan G J,Yang W,Wang S L,et al.2005.Characteristics of U-patterndistribution of high-concentration210Pb in surface air at centralGuizhou,China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,50(16):1750-1755
万国江,郑向东,Lee H N,等.2006.瓦里关山与观风山近地面空气7Be浓度季节性变化对比[J].地球化学,35(3):257-264Wan G J,Zheng X D,Lee H N,et al.2006.A comparison for seasonalvariation of7Be concentrations in surface air between Mt.Waliguanand Mt.Guanfeng[J].Geochimica,35(3):257-264(inChinese)
Wan G J,Lee H N,Wan E Y,et al.2008.Analyses of210Pbconcentrations in surface air and in rain water at the centralGuizhou,China[J].Tellus B,60(1):32-41
万国江,万恩源,王仕禄,等.2009.冰雪凝冻天气对气溶胶的传输影响—基于贵阳观风山大气210Pb和7Be观测[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,28(增刊):500-500Wan G J,Wan E Y,Wang S L,et al.2009.Aerosol transfers duringfreezing weather Based on the observation of210Pb and7Beconcentrations in surface air at Mt.Guanfeng,Guiyang,China[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,28(Supp):500-500(in Chinese)
万国江,郑向东,Lee H N,等.2010a.黔中气溶胶传输的210Pb和7Be示踪:Ⅰ.周时间尺度的解释[J].地球科学进展,25(5):492-504Wan G J,Zheng X D,Lee H N,et al.2010a.210Pb and7Be as tracersfor aerosol transfers at center Guizhou,China:Ⅰ.The explanation byweekly interval[J].Advances in Earth Science,25(5):492-504(in Chinese)
万国江,郑向东,Lee H N,等.2010b.黔中气溶胶传输的210Pb和7Be示踪:Ⅱ.月及年时间尺度的剖析[J].地球科学进展,25(5):505-514Wan G J,Zheng X D,Lee H N,et al.2010b.210Pb and7Be as tracersfor aerosol transfers at center Guizhou,China:Ⅱ.The interpretationby monthly and yearly intervals[J].Advances in Earth Science,25(5):505-514(in Chinese)
Zanis P,Schuepbach E,Gggeler H W,et al.1999.Factors controlling beryllium-7at Jungfraujoch in Switzerland[J],Tellus B,51(4):789-805
郑向东,陈尊裕,崔宏,等.2004,长江三角洲地区春季低空大气臭氧垂直分布特征[J].中国科学D辑,32(12):1184-1192Zheng X D,Chan C Y,Cui H.et al.2004.Characteristics of verticalozone distribution in the lower troposphere in the Yangtze RiverDelta at Lin'an in the spring of2001[J].Sci in China Ser(DEarth Sci),48(9):1519-1528
郑向东,万国江,汤洁,等.2005.瓦里关山近地面气溶胶中7Be和210Pb的观测及其对臭氧浓度变化的示踪[J].科学通报,50(1):72-76Zheng X D,Wan G J,Tang J,et al.2005.7Be and210Pb radioactivityand implications on sources of surface ozone at Mt.Waliguan[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,50(2):167-171
Zheng X D,Wan G J,Chen Z Y,et al.2008.Measurement andmeteorological analysis of7Be and210Pb in aerosol at WaliguanObservatory[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,25(3):401-416
郑向东,万国江,汤洁.2011.7Be和210Pb示踪研究瓦里关山近地面O3和CO2浓度变化特征[J].中国科学D辑(地球科学),41(4):562-572Zheng X D,Wan G J,Tang J.2011.Source characteristics of O3andCO2at Mt.Waliguan Observatory,Tibetan Plateau implied by using7Be and210Pb[J].Sci China Earth Sci,54:550-560,doi:10.1007/s11430-010-4121-x
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