无人机航空遥感系统在灾害应急救援中的应用
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摘要
自然灾害具有突发性特点,灾害应急救援的关键是灾害发生后的快速反应。及时快捷的灾情信息对于及时制定救援策略,提高救援效率和质量起着至关重要的作用。目前,由于卫星遥感和载人航空遥感在获取灾害信息时受时空分辨率、外界环境和使用成本的影响,其在灾害应急救援过程中的作用受到限制。无人机航空遥感系统具有实时性强、机动灵活、影像分辨率高、成本低的特点,且能够在高危地区作业。介绍了无人机航空遥感系统的构成及其在灾害应急救援方面的应用,具体介绍了这一系统在四川5.12大地震救灾中的应用情况。最后总结了无人机航空遥感系统在灾害应急救援中的优势,并提出了该系统目前存在的缺陷和改进办法。
Natural disasters always take place suddenly,quick response is very important for rescue.The real-time information of disasters plays important role for enacting rescue methods,improving rescue efficiency and quality.At present,the airborne remote sensing and satellite remote sensing limit their effect in the course of disasters rescuing by the impact of their temporal and spatial resolution,external environment and using cost.The Pilotless vehicle remote sensing system has such features as rapid,flexible,high resolution and low cost etc,it also can work in dangerous area.In this paper,the composition of aerial remote sensing system was introduced,then its application in the course of disasters rescuing was discussed,and the disaster rescue instance during the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province was introduced.In the end,the advantages of pilotless vehicle remote sensing system in use for disaster rescue were summarized,the disadvantages and the way to improve were also discussed.
Natural disasters always take place suddenly,quick response is very important for rescue.The real-time information of disasters plays important role for enacting rescue methods,improving rescue efficiency and quality.At present,the airborne remote sensing and satellite remote sensing limit their effect in the course of disasters rescuing by the impact of their temporal and spatial resolution,external environment and using cost.The Pilotless vehicle remote sensing system has such features as rapid,flexible,high resolution and low cost etc,it also can work in dangerous area.In this paper,the composition of aerial remote sensing system was introduced,then its application in the course of disasters rescuing was discussed,and the disaster rescue instance during the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province was introduced.In the end,the advantages of pilotless vehicle remote sensing system in use for disaster rescue were summarized,the disadvantages and the way to improve were also discussed.
引文
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[2]晏磊,吕书强,等.无人机航空遥感系统关键技术研究[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2004,37(6):67-70.
[3]Charles P Giammona,Kandance Binklcey.Aerial Image Processing Technology for Emergency Response[J].Spill science and Technology Bulle-tin,1995,2:47-54.
[4]马文翰,陈建平.突发地质灾害气象预警预报研究综述[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2007,18(1):6-9.
[5]王东明,王小青,等.地震现场应急指挥及其标准化研究[J].自然灾害学报,2007,8(4):143-148.
[6]苗崇刚,聂高众.地震应急指挥模式探讨[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(5):49-54.
[7]方世萍,张芝霞.城市地震应急救援措施探讨[J].灾害学,19(1):31-33.
[8]李京.综合减灾需要科技支撑[J].中国减灾,2007,9:13-15.
[9]龚建华、赵终明.四川汶川地震应急无人机遥感信息获取与应用[J].城市发展研究,2008,15(3):31-33.
[10]马轮基,孙涵,等.地基、空基、天基结合洪涝灾害调查评估试验[M].北京:中国气象学会,2005:459-464.
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