我国应对大震巨灾应急救援装备的技术需求研究
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摘要
分析了我国大震巨灾特点,比较了国内外大震巨灾应急救援装备技术现状,在国家"汶川8.0级地震应急救援科学考察"等项目研究结果的基础上,充分研究了我国实施大震巨灾救援在装备技术方面的各种阻碍因素,在应急救援通信指挥、救援现场信息采集传输及救援技术和指挥决策专家辅助技术、废墟中生命搜索定位、适宜于大震巨灾后山体滑坡交通阻断和大规模建构物倒塌环境及废墟狭小空间等复杂条件下的营救和安全防护等方面,给出我国大震巨灾应急救援装备的基本技术需求。
Through analyse of characters of China's earthquake and comparison of present technology conditions of the emergency rescue equipments in the domestic and international vital catastrophes.Based on "the project of the scientific research concerning Wenchuan 8.0 Earthquake Emergency Rescue"in China,the authors study sufficiently the various impediments factors to implement the earthquake catastrophe rescue on the aspects of technique and equipment in china.Furthermore,there are the following many considerations,for example,the communication command and management of the emergency rescue,the collection and transmission of the information from the rescue locale,the rescue and accessorial systems of the experts decision-making,especially,after the vital earthquake,the actions of searching lifes in the ruins,the rescue and safe protection suitable to the complex conditions of the landslides and the blocked traffic,the environment of the tumbled large building constructs and the small spaces in the ruins and so on.The basic technological equipment demands are presented to guarantee the effective rescue when a great earthquake occurs in China anywhere.
Through analyse of characters of China's earthquake and comparison of present technology conditions of the emergency rescue equipments in the domestic and international vital catastrophes.Based on "the project of the scientific research concerning Wenchuan 8.0 Earthquake Emergency Rescue"in China,the authors study sufficiently the various impediments factors to implement the earthquake catastrophe rescue on the aspects of technique and equipment in china.Furthermore,there are the following many considerations,for example,the communication command and management of the emergency rescue,the collection and transmission of the information from the rescue locale,the rescue and accessorial systems of the experts decision-making,especially,after the vital earthquake,the actions of searching lifes in the ruins,the rescue and safe protection suitable to the complex conditions of the landslides and the blocked traffic,the environment of the tumbled large building constructs and the small spaces in the ruins and so on.The basic technological equipment demands are presented to guarantee the effective rescue when a great earthquake occurs in China anywhere.
引文
[1]United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs—Field Coordination Support Section(Insarag Secretariat).Insarag guidelines and methodology.2008:146-150
[2]中国地震应急搜救中心考察团(胡卫建执笔).赴瑞士救援队考察报告.2009
[1]曲国胜,宁宝坤,胡卫建,等.地震救援队伍和装备情况及救援效果调查报告.2009
[1]见846页脚注[1]
[1]黄宝森,周敏,肖沛琪,等.地震救援装备实用手册.北京:地震出版社,2008:37-45,55-59,108-115
[2]尚红.四川汶川8.0级地震巨灾应对思考.中国应急管理,2008(6):41-42
[3]周云,李伍平,浣石,等.防灾减灾工程学.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007:663-668
[4]曲国胜.汶川特大地震专业救援案例.北京:地震出版社,2009:44-45,75-76,284-286
[5]Shang Hong,Zhao Hongyu,Wang Zelong.Locomotion mechanisms and research status of search and rescue robot//Proceedings of the International Emergency Management Society(TIEMS)17th Annual Conference.Beijing,2010:828-833
[6]高建国.地震应急期的分期.灾害学,2004,19(1):12-13
[7]胡卫建,司洪波,李磊,等.地震应急救援保障体系的构架.中国应急救援,2006(1):37-38
[2]中国地震应急搜救中心考察团(胡卫建执笔).赴瑞士救援队考察报告.2009
[1]曲国胜,宁宝坤,胡卫建,等.地震救援队伍和装备情况及救援效果调查报告.2009
[1]见846页脚注[1]
[1]黄宝森,周敏,肖沛琪,等.地震救援装备实用手册.北京:地震出版社,2008:37-45,55-59,108-115
[2]尚红.四川汶川8.0级地震巨灾应对思考.中国应急管理,2008(6):41-42
[3]周云,李伍平,浣石,等.防灾减灾工程学.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007:663-668
[4]曲国胜.汶川特大地震专业救援案例.北京:地震出版社,2009:44-45,75-76,284-286
[5]Shang Hong,Zhao Hongyu,Wang Zelong.Locomotion mechanisms and research status of search and rescue robot//Proceedings of the International Emergency Management Society(TIEMS)17th Annual Conference.Beijing,2010:828-833
[6]高建国.地震应急期的分期.灾害学,2004,19(1):12-13
[7]胡卫建,司洪波,李磊,等.地震应急救援保障体系的构架.中国应急救援,2006(1):37-38
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