中国东部城市地区隐伏断裂上断点与最新活动时代关系的初步分析——以邢台、唐山地震区为例
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摘要
中国东部城市地区大多为较厚第四系松散物覆盖区,许多城市附近发育了具有相当规模的隐伏断裂。在这些第四系较厚覆盖区发育的隐伏断裂的上断点是否代表了断裂的最新活动时代?文中通过对邢台、唐山等发生过强震的中国东部城市附近地区地质、地球物理、地震活动、地形变等资料的综合分析,来讨论这些较厚第四系覆盖区隐伏断裂的上断点与断裂的最新活动年代的关系问题。初步分析表明,作为邢台地震和唐山地震发震断裂的新河断裂和唐山断裂带,并不象其上断点显示的为晚更新世不活动断裂或者为局部活动段,而均为大型活动断裂。由此认为,在中国东部沉积层较厚地区,不能完全根据断裂断错的最新地层确定断裂的最新活动时代。对于一条穿过新沉积较厚地区的断裂,其最新活动时代应根据构造背景、断裂对新地层的控制作用、断错最新地层、新地层沉积厚度、构造地貌、地震活动、地形变、现今构造应力场等综合判定。
The urban area in the eastern China region is mostly covered by the relatively thick loose Quaternary deposits,below which,in many cities,there exist many considerably large buried faults.In these thick-Quaternary-covering areas,does the date of the upper layers dislocated by the buried faults represent the latest faulting? In this paper,based on the integrated analysis on the data of geology,geophysics and earthquakes of cities in the east of China,including Xingtai and Tangshan,we discussed the relation between the upper offset point and the latest activity times of the buried faults in these areas covered by thick Quaternary.Our study shows,in the area with very thick recent deposits in East China,one should not determine the latest faulting of one fault fully according to the younger layers displaced by the fault.To a fault running through the area covered with thick young deposits,its latest active period should be determined comprehensively by the tectonic settings,the controlling of the fault to the young strata,the youngest layer displaced by the fault,the thickness of the young deposits,seismicity and modern tectonic stress field,etc.
The urban area in the eastern China region is mostly covered by the relatively thick loose Quaternary deposits,below which,in many cities,there exist many considerably large buried faults.In these thick-Quaternary-covering areas,does the date of the upper layers dislocated by the buried faults represent the latest faulting? In this paper,based on the integrated analysis on the data of geology,geophysics and earthquakes of cities in the east of China,including Xingtai and Tangshan,we discussed the relation between the upper offset point and the latest activity times of the buried faults in these areas covered by thick Quaternary.Our study shows,in the area with very thick recent deposits in East China,one should not determine the latest faulting of one fault fully according to the younger layers displaced by the fault.To a fault running through the area covered with thick young deposits,its latest active period should be determined comprehensively by the tectonic settings,the controlling of the fault to the young strata,the youngest layer displaced by the fault,the thickness of the young deposits,seismicity and modern tectonic stress field,etc.
引文
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[1]朱艾斓等,2007,隐伏弱活动断层活动性经验关系与强活动断层永久变形带宽度分析,中国数字地震观测网络:城市活断层试验探测结题报告。
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[1]朱艾斓等,2007,隐伏弱活动断层活动性经验关系与强活动断层永久变形带宽度分析,中国数字地震观测网络:城市活断层试验探测结题报告。
[1]同435页[1]。
陈运泰,黄立人,林邦慧,等.1979.用大地测量资料反演得到的1976年唐山地震的位错模式[J].地球物理学报,22(3):201—216.CHEN Yun-tai,HUANG Li-ren,LIN Bang-hui,et al.1979.A dislocation model of the Tangshan earthquake of1976from the inversion of geodetic data[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,22(3):201—216(in Chinese).
邓起东.2002.城市活动断裂探测和地震危险性评价问题[J].地震地质,24(4):601—605.DENG Qi-dong.2002.Exploration and seismic hazard assessment of active faults in urban areas[J].Seismology andGeology,24(4):601—605(in Chinese).
杜春涛,孟宪梁,陈书贤.1985.唐山地震的地裂缝[M].见:刘恢先主编.唐山大地震震害(一).北京:地震出版社.174—189.DU Chun-tao,MENG Xian-liang,CHEN Shu-xian.1985.Ground fissures caused by Tangshan earthquake[M].In:LIU Hui-xian(ed).Disaster of Great Tangshan Earthquake(1).Seismological Press,Beijing.174—189(inChinese).
桂琨长,耿世昌.1987.值得再三思考的唐山地震构造[J].中国地震,3(增刊):79—84.GUI Kun-chang,GENG Shi-chang.1987.Worthwhile considering the seismogenic structure of the Tangshan earth-quake[J].Earthquake Research in China,3(Suppl):79—84(in Chinese).
虢顺民,李志义,程绍平,等.1977.唐山地震区域构造背景和发震模式的讨论[J].地质科学,4:305—320.GUO Shun-min,LI Zhi-yi,CHENG Shao-ping,et al.1977.Adiscussion on regional structures and earthquake modelin Tangshan seismic area[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,4:305—320(in Chinese).
国家地震局《一九七六年唐山地震》编辑组.1982.一九七六年唐山地震[M].北京:地震出版社.4—23.Editorial Group of“The1976Tangshan Earthquake”,State Seismological Bureau.1982.The1976Tangshan Earth-quake[M].Seismological Press,Beijing.4—23(in Chinese).
国家地震局测量队.1975.1966年邢台地震地形变[J].地球物理学报,18(3):153—163.The Geodetic Survey Brigade for Earthquake Research,NSB.1975.Crustal deformation associated with the Hsingtaiearthquake in March,1966[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,18(3):153—163(in Chinese).
韩竹军,冉勇康,徐锡伟.2002.隐伏活断层未来地表破裂带宽度与位错量初步研究[J].地震地质,24(4):484—494.HANZhu-jun,RANYong-kang,XUXi-wei.2002.Primary study on possible width and displacement of future surfacerupture zone produced by buried active fault[J].Seismology and Geology,24(4):484—494(in Chinese).
郝书俭,李建华,于之水,等.1998.唐山地震发震构造的浅层地震探测[J].中国地震,14(4):78—84.HAO Shu-jian,LI Jian-hua,YUZhi-shui,et al.1998.Shallowseismic exploration of the seismogenic structures of Tan-gshan earthquake[J].Earthquake Research in China,14(4):78—84(in Chinese).
郝书俭,尤惠川.2001.唐山活动断裂的浅层地震精细探测[J].地震地质,23(1):93—97.HAO Shu-jian,YOU Hui-chuan.2001.A detailed detection of the Tangshan active fault using shallow seismic survey[J].Seismology and Geology,23(1):93—97(in Chinese).
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