陕北能源富集区工业化过程与生态风险格局
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摘要
能源开采对地表生境的破坏、地下作业导致的采空沉降、能源化工企业三废污染等是导致能源地区环境恶化的主要因素。但在更大尺度上,矿区工业化与区域生态格局相互作用关系驱动机理比较复杂,时空节律与尺度同步性难以判定。以处于生态恢复背景下的陕北能源富集地区为例,基于夜间灯光和NDVI数据分析工业化过程与植被生态风险的时空变化特征,并采用土地利用类型空间变异、降水量与径流量减少趋势、地震发生频次等进行不同尺度的综合分析,探讨工业化过程对生态风险的影响。结果表明:能源区工业化直接增加区域生态压力的假设能否成立与实证角度和尺度放缩有关,在植被恢复背景下,工业化对植被格局的影响不能在较大尺度分析中显现;陕北能源富集区生态环境呈现整体好转、局部恶化的格局,植被格局与工业化过程交互机理存在单向性,并且具有时空不同步性,小尺度与大尺度的观测结果并不一致;工业化过程在较小区域内仍强烈影响局地生态安全,区域生态环境建设的政策导向应整体与局部并重。
Ground surface habitat destruction by energy exploitation, goaf subsidence caused by underground mining, and pollutant discharge from energy-and chemical enterprises are the main factors leading to the environment deterioration in energy source regions. However, in a larger scale, the mechanisms driving the interactions between the industrialization in mining area and the regional ecological pattern is rather complicated, and it is difficult to determine the spatiotemporal rhythm and scale synchronization. In this study, a rich energy region in Shaanxi under the background of ecological restoration was chosen as a case. Based on the DMSP/OLS and MODIS NDVI data, the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the industrialization process and vegetation ecological risk pattern were analyzed, and the spatial variations of land use types, the decreasing trends of annual precipitation and runoff, and the frequency of earthquake occurrence were analyzed at different scales, aimed to explore the impacts of industrialization process on ecological risk. The results showed that whether the hypothesis that industrialization would directly increase the regional ecological pressure in mining area could be established was dependent on empirical perspective and scaling. Under the background of vegetation restoration, the role of industrialization on vegetation pattern could not appear at a larger scale analysis. Overall, the ecological environment in the energy rich region of northern Shaanxi was in a pattern of generally improved and partially deteriorated. The interaction mechanism of vegetation pattern and industrialization process was unidirectional and of asynchronization in time and space, and the small- and large scale observational results were inconsistent. The industrialization process in smaller areas still strongly affected the local ecological security. It was suggested that the policy orientation of regional ecological environment construction should be considered to balance the whole and its partials.
Ground surface habitat destruction by energy exploitation, goaf subsidence caused by underground mining, and pollutant discharge from energy-and chemical enterprises are the main factors leading to the environment deterioration in energy source regions. However, in a larger scale, the mechanisms driving the interactions between the industrialization in mining area and the regional ecological pattern is rather complicated, and it is difficult to determine the spatiotemporal rhythm and scale synchronization. In this study, a rich energy region in Shaanxi under the background of ecological restoration was chosen as a case. Based on the DMSP/OLS and MODIS NDVI data, the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the industrialization process and vegetation ecological risk pattern were analyzed, and the spatial variations of land use types, the decreasing trends of annual precipitation and runoff, and the frequency of earthquake occurrence were analyzed at different scales, aimed to explore the impacts of industrialization process on ecological risk. The results showed that whether the hypothesis that industrialization would directly increase the regional ecological pressure in mining area could be established was dependent on empirical perspective and scaling. Under the background of vegetation restoration, the role of industrialization on vegetation pattern could not appear at a larger scale analysis. Overall, the ecological environment in the energy rich region of northern Shaanxi was in a pattern of generally improved and partially deteriorated. The interaction mechanism of vegetation pattern and industrialization process was unidirectional and of asynchronization in time and space, and the small- and large scale observational results were inconsistent. The industrialization process in smaller areas still strongly affected the local ecological security. It was suggested that the policy orientation of regional ecological environment construction should be considered to balance the whole and its partials.
引文
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胡和兵,刘红玉,郝敬锋,等.2011.流域景观结构的城市化影响与生态风险评价.生态学报,31(12):3432-3440.
胡巍巍,王根绪,邓伟.2008.景观格局与生态过程相互关系研究进展.地理科学进展,27(1):18-24.
荆玉平,张树文,李颖.2008.基于景观结构的城乡交错带生态风险分析.生态学杂志,27(2):229-234.
刘前进,于兴修.2010.北方土石山区土壤侵蚀强度垂直景观格局:以沂蒙山区为例.地理研究,29(8):1471-1483.
蔺雪芹,方创琳.2010.城市群工业发展的生态环境效应——以武汉城市群为例.地理研究,29(12):2233-2242.
邱彭华,徐颂军,谢跟踪,等.2007.基于景观格局和生态敏感性的海南西部地区生态脆弱性分析.生态学报,27(4):1257-1264.
孙丽娜,宋戈.2012.松嫩高平原黑土区土地利用/覆被变化及其景观生态风险分析.水土保持研究,19(1):148-158.
宋涛,郑挺国,佟连军.2007.基于面板协整的环境库茨涅兹曲线的检验与分析.中国环境科学,27(4):572-576.
王娟,崔保山,刘杰,等.2008.云南澜沧江流域土地利用及其变化对景观生态风险的影响.环境科学学报,28(2):269-277.
王思远,刘纪远,张增祥,等.2001.中国土地利用时空特征分析.地理学报,56(6):631-639.
谢花林.2011.基于景观结构的土地利用生态风险空间特征分析:以江西兴国县为例.中国环境科学,31(4):688-695.
许学工,林辉平,付在毅,等.2001.黄河三角洲湿地区域生态风险评价.北京大学学报(自然科学版),37(1):111-120.
许妍,高俊峰,高永年.2011.基于土地利用动态变化的太湖地区景观生态风险评价.湖泊科学,23(4):642-648.
徐延达,傅伯杰,吕一河,等.2010.基于模型的景观格局与生态过程研究.生态学报,30(1):212-220.
阳文锐,王如松,黄锦楼,等.2007.生态风险评价及研究进展.应用生态学报,18(8):1869-1876.
Anderson K,Neuhauser C.2002.Patterns in spatial simulations:Are they real?Ecological Modelling,155:19-30.
Henderson M,Yeh ET,Gong P,et al.2003.Validation of ur-ban boundaries derived from global night-time satellite im-agery.International Journal of Remote Sensing,24:595-609.
Hung WC,Chen YC,Cheng KS.2010.Comparing landcover patterns in Tokyo,Kyoto,and Taipei using ALOS multi-spectral images.Landscape and Urban Planning,97:132-145.
Li H,Wu J.2004.Use and misuse of landscape indices.Land-scape Ecology,19:389-399.
Wu J,Hobbs R.2002.Key issues and research priorities in landscape ecology:An idiosyncratic synthesis.Landscape Ecology,17:355-365.
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