遥感数据在自然灾害救助中的应用
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摘要
根据《自然灾害救助条例》的自然灾害救助业务需求,分析了卫星遥感和航空遥感在自然灾害救助中的应用能力,利用高分辨率"快鸟"(Quickbird)卫星、地球资源观测卫星-B(EROS-B)的光学数据、"地中海盆地观测小卫星"(COSMO-Skymed)星座的合成孔径雷达数据、航空及无人机的遥感数据,结合空间分析方法,对汶川地震和玉树地震后灾民安置点规划、房屋倒损评估、帐篷动态监测、灾后灾民安置及环境、房屋恢复重建进度等进行了研究,其相关产品为政府提供决策支持信息、制定科学合理的救灾措施发挥了重要作用。
According to the needs of Natural Disaster Relief Regulation,this article analyses the application capacity of satellite and aerial remote sensing data in natural disaster relief.Taking Wenchuan earthquake and Yushu earthquake for examples,we apply Quickbird,EROS-B optical satellite data and COSMO-Skymed SAR satellite data and aerial remote sensing data,combined with spatial analysis method,in these natural disasters relief.The applications include disaster relief area planning,house collapsed rate assessment,tent dynamic monitoring,disaster resettlement area monitoring and disaster resettlement area monitoring.These products are very important to government making decision of disaster relief.Our researches show that space-based technology including remote sensing can make important contribution to natural disaster relief.
According to the needs of Natural Disaster Relief Regulation,this article analyses the application capacity of satellite and aerial remote sensing data in natural disaster relief.Taking Wenchuan earthquake and Yushu earthquake for examples,we apply Quickbird,EROS-B optical satellite data and COSMO-Skymed SAR satellite data and aerial remote sensing data,combined with spatial analysis method,in these natural disasters relief.The applications include disaster relief area planning,house collapsed rate assessment,tent dynamic monitoring,disaster resettlement area monitoring and disaster resettlement area monitoring.These products are very important to government making decision of disaster relief.Our researches show that space-based technology including remote sensing can make important contribution to natural disaster relief.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国民政部.自然灾害救助条例[Z].北京:人民出版社,2010Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People’s Republic ofChina.Natural Disaster Relief Regulation[Z].Beijing:People’s Publishing House,2010(in Chinese)
[2]国家减灾委员会、科技部抗震救灾专家组.汶川地震灾害综合分析与评估[M].北京:科学出版社,2008Expert group on earthquake resist and disaster relief ofNational Committee for Disaster Reduction and Ministryof Science and Technology.Comprehensive assessmentof Wenchuan earthquake[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008(in Chinese)
[3]范一大,杨思全,王磊,等.汶川地震应急监测评估方法研究[J].遥感学报,2008,12(6):858-864Fan Yida,Yang Siquan,Wanglei,et al.Study on urgentmonitoring and assessment in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2008,12(6):858-864(inChinese)
[4]杨思全,刘三超,吴玮,等.青海玉树地震遥感监测应用研究[J].航天器工程,2011,11(2):90-96Yang Siquan,Liu Sanchao,Wuwei,et al.Remote sens-ing application in Qinhai Yushu earthquake monitoringand assessment[J].Spacecraft Engineering,2011,11(2):90-96(in Chinese)
[5]刘三超,杨思全.环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座红外相机数据减灾应用研究[J].航天器工程,2010,19(4):110-114Liu Sanchao,Yang Siquan.Disaster reduction applica-tion of the infrared scanner(IRS)data of HJ-1Bsatel-lite[J].Spacecraft Engineering,2010,19(4):110-114(inChinese)
[6]Srivastava H S,Patel P,Sharma Y,et al.Applicationpotentials of synthetic aperture radar interferometry forland-cover mapping and crop-height estimation[J].Cur-rent Science,2006,91(6):783-788
[7]Pulvirenti L,Chini M,Pierdicca N.Flood monitoringusing multi-temporal COSMO-SkyMed data:Image seg-mentation and signature interpretation[J].RemoteSensing of Environment,2011(115):990-1002
[8]朱博勤,魏成阶,张渊智.航空遥感地震灾害信息的快速提取[J].自然灾害学报,1998,7(1):34-38Zhu Boqin,Wei Chengjie,Zhang Yuanzhi.The quick ex-tracting of earthquake disaster data by aerial remotesensing survey[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,1998,7(1):34-38(in Chinese)
[9]王静爱,史培军,王瑛,等.中国城市自然灾害区划编制[J].自然灾害学报,2005,14(6):42-46Wang Jingai,Shi Peijun,Wang Ying,et al.Compilationof city natural disaster regionalization in China[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2005,14(6):42-46(in Chi-nese)
[10]李剑萍.3S技术在灾害监测预测中的应用及展望[J].灾害学,2004,19(z1):85-89Li Jianping.Application and prospect of 3Stechnologyin disaster monitoring and prediction[J].Journal ofCatastrophology,2004,19(z1):85-89(in Chinese)
[11]Lan Hengxing,Martin C D,Zhou Chenghu,et al.Rockfall hazard analysis using LiDAR and spatialmodeling[J].Geomorphology,2010(118):213-223
[2]国家减灾委员会、科技部抗震救灾专家组.汶川地震灾害综合分析与评估[M].北京:科学出版社,2008Expert group on earthquake resist and disaster relief ofNational Committee for Disaster Reduction and Ministryof Science and Technology.Comprehensive assessmentof Wenchuan earthquake[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008(in Chinese)
[3]范一大,杨思全,王磊,等.汶川地震应急监测评估方法研究[J].遥感学报,2008,12(6):858-864Fan Yida,Yang Siquan,Wanglei,et al.Study on urgentmonitoring and assessment in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2008,12(6):858-864(inChinese)
[4]杨思全,刘三超,吴玮,等.青海玉树地震遥感监测应用研究[J].航天器工程,2011,11(2):90-96Yang Siquan,Liu Sanchao,Wuwei,et al.Remote sens-ing application in Qinhai Yushu earthquake monitoringand assessment[J].Spacecraft Engineering,2011,11(2):90-96(in Chinese)
[5]刘三超,杨思全.环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座红外相机数据减灾应用研究[J].航天器工程,2010,19(4):110-114Liu Sanchao,Yang Siquan.Disaster reduction applica-tion of the infrared scanner(IRS)data of HJ-1Bsatel-lite[J].Spacecraft Engineering,2010,19(4):110-114(inChinese)
[6]Srivastava H S,Patel P,Sharma Y,et al.Applicationpotentials of synthetic aperture radar interferometry forland-cover mapping and crop-height estimation[J].Cur-rent Science,2006,91(6):783-788
[7]Pulvirenti L,Chini M,Pierdicca N.Flood monitoringusing multi-temporal COSMO-SkyMed data:Image seg-mentation and signature interpretation[J].RemoteSensing of Environment,2011(115):990-1002
[8]朱博勤,魏成阶,张渊智.航空遥感地震灾害信息的快速提取[J].自然灾害学报,1998,7(1):34-38Zhu Boqin,Wei Chengjie,Zhang Yuanzhi.The quick ex-tracting of earthquake disaster data by aerial remotesensing survey[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,1998,7(1):34-38(in Chinese)
[9]王静爱,史培军,王瑛,等.中国城市自然灾害区划编制[J].自然灾害学报,2005,14(6):42-46Wang Jingai,Shi Peijun,Wang Ying,et al.Compilationof city natural disaster regionalization in China[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2005,14(6):42-46(in Chi-nese)
[10]李剑萍.3S技术在灾害监测预测中的应用及展望[J].灾害学,2004,19(z1):85-89Li Jianping.Application and prospect of 3Stechnologyin disaster monitoring and prediction[J].Journal ofCatastrophology,2004,19(z1):85-89(in Chinese)
[11]Lan Hengxing,Martin C D,Zhou Chenghu,et al.Rockfall hazard analysis using LiDAR and spatialmodeling[J].Geomorphology,2010(118):213-223
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