汶川地震后肖家沟泥石流活动特征与灾害防治
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摘要
肖家沟是汶川地震震中映秀镇近邻的一条典型泥石流沟,位于渔子溪河左侧,沟域面积7.19km2,沟床平均纵比降为485‰。"5·12"地震后该沟多次暴发泥石流。2010年8月14日,肖家沟暴发特大规模泥石流,一次冲出物方量约6.50×105 m,堵塞渔子溪,堰塞湖溃决后造成洪水灾害。肖家沟泥石流物源条件非常丰富,地区降水充沛,危险性巨大,一旦发生泥石流,直接威胁S303映秀段公路,造成交通中断;若发生大规模泥石流堵塞渔子溪形成堰塞体,堰塞体溃决之后,大量泥沙被洪水带至下游,抬高河床,将对下游映秀镇产生严重的洪水灾害。目前肖家沟沟域内共有松散固体物源量5.22×106 m3,可参与泥石流活动的动储量为2.01×106 m3。以肖家沟泥石流形成条件为基础,分析震后连续发生的泥石流类型与活动特征,并以此为依据探讨了肖家沟泥石流治理的简要思路。
Xiaojia Gully is a typical debris flow gully in the earthquake zone near Yingxiu town which located in the left of Yuzi River,and has a drainage area of 7.19km2 and an average longitudinal slope of 485‰.Many debris flows occurred in this gully after Wenchuan earthquake.In August 14,2010,a large scale debris flow(the volume is about 6.50 ×105 m3)was triggered by heavy rainstorm,blocked the Yuzi River and caused dam-breaking disaster.Xiaojia Gully was risky because of its large amount of loose materials and abundant rainfall.The Yingxiu part of S303 highway would be interrupted if the debris flow occurs.The Yuzi River would be blocked in the condition of large scale debris flow,and the dam-breaking flood could potentially cause damage to the newly constructed Yingxiu Town.At present,the gully still had 5.22×106 m3 of solid materials,of which about 2.02×106 m3 was prone to debris flow in the future when it encounters great rainstorms.Analyzing the activity characteristics of Xiaojia Gully debris flow after the earthquake based on formation conditions,the brief ideas for Xiaojia Gully debris flow control were discussed.
Xiaojia Gully is a typical debris flow gully in the earthquake zone near Yingxiu town which located in the left of Yuzi River,and has a drainage area of 7.19km2 and an average longitudinal slope of 485‰.Many debris flows occurred in this gully after Wenchuan earthquake.In August 14,2010,a large scale debris flow(the volume is about 6.50 ×105 m3)was triggered by heavy rainstorm,blocked the Yuzi River and caused dam-breaking disaster.Xiaojia Gully was risky because of its large amount of loose materials and abundant rainfall.The Yingxiu part of S303 highway would be interrupted if the debris flow occurs.The Yuzi River would be blocked in the condition of large scale debris flow,and the dam-breaking flood could potentially cause damage to the newly constructed Yingxiu Town.At present,the gully still had 5.22×106 m3 of solid materials,of which about 2.02×106 m3 was prone to debris flow in the future when it encounters great rainstorms.Analyzing the activity characteristics of Xiaojia Gully debris flow after the earthquake based on formation conditions,the brief ideas for Xiaojia Gully debris flow control were discussed.
引文
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[2]Cui Peng,Chen Xiaoqing,Zhu Yingyan,et al.The Wencuan earthquake(12May 2008),Sichuan Province,China,and resulting geohazards[J].Nature Hazards,2011,56(1):19-36.
[3]陈晓清,游勇,崔鹏,等.汶川地震区特大泥石流工程防治新技术探索[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2013,45(1):14-22.
[4]崔鹏,韦方强,何思明,等.“5·12”汶川地震诱发的山地灾害及减灾措施[J].山地学报,2008,26(3):280-282.
[5]Chen Hongxin,Zhang Limin,Chang Dongsheng,et al.Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfalltriggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province,China[J].Nature Hazards,2012,62(3):1037-1057.
[6]向灵芝,崔鹏,钟敦伦,等.汶川地震区泥石流危害道路的定量分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2012,47(3):387-393.
[7]唐垒庆,彭昌翠,何瑜.肖家沟泥石流发育特征及危险性评价[J].甘肃水利水电技术,2011,47(10):5-8.
[8]杨东旭,陈晓清,游勇,等.汶川地震区绵竹小岗剑沟泥石流发展趋势[J].山地学报,2012,30(6):701-708.
[9]Tang Chuan,Zhu Jing,Cui Xiaofei,et al.Catastrophic debris flows triggered by a 14August 2010rainfall at the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Landslides,2011,8(4):485-497.
[10]康志成,李焯芬,马蔼乃,等.中国泥石流研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:50-55.
[11]葛文彬,唐炳炎,唐邦兴,等.泥石流灾害防治工程勘查规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
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