社会网络在灾害治理中的作用——基于汶川地震灾区调查的研究
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摘要
社会网络是人们在日常互动中形成的关系网状结构,是社会资本的重要表现形式之一。作为一种非正式社会制度,社会网络在灾害治理中有重要作用,被认为是灾后恢复中最可靠的资源之一。基于对5.12汶川大地震后开展的一项灾后快速需求调查的数据分析,本文全面描述了社会网络在灾后搜救幸存者、保证信息传播、提供社会支持和保持灾区群众心理健康方面的作用,并进一步探讨了相关的理论意涵和政策建议。
Social network is the social structure formed in people's daily social interaction and is one of the main forms of social capital.It is not only the basic social unit in coping with disaster,but also one of the most dependable resource in the post-disaster recovery.Based on the data from a rapid needs assessment survey right after May 12th Wenchuan-earthquake,this paper described the role of social networks in providing emergency rescuing,facilitating information flow,providing social support,and maintaining mental health in the earthquake.The theoretical and policy implications of the study are also discussed.
Social network is the social structure formed in people's daily social interaction and is one of the main forms of social capital.It is not only the basic social unit in coping with disaster,but also one of the most dependable resource in the post-disaster recovery.Based on the data from a rapid needs assessment survey right after May 12th Wenchuan-earthquake,this paper described the role of social networks in providing emergency rescuing,facilitating information flow,providing social support,and maintaining mental health in the earthquake.The theoretical and policy implications of the study are also discussed.
引文
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[16]赵延东,邓大胜,李睿婕.汶川地震灾区的社会资本状况分析[J.]中国软科学,2010(,8):91-98
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[19]赵延东.社会资本与灾后恢复:一项自然灾害的社会学研究[J.]社会学研究,2007(,5):164-187.
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[26]Kaniasty K,Norris.Mobilization and Deterioration of So-cial Support Following Natural Disasters[J].Current Directionsin Psychological Science,1995b4,(3):94-98.
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[29]Hobfoll S,Lerman M.Predicting Receipt of Social Sup-port:A Longitudinal Study of Parents’Recations to TheirChild’s Illness[J].Health Psychology1,989(,8):61-77.
[30]Drabek T,Key W.Conquering Disaster:Family Recovery andLong-Term Consequences[M.]New York:Irvington1,984.
[31]Bolin R,Klenow D.Response of Elderly to Disaster:AnAge-stratified Analysis[J].International Journal of Aging andHuman Development1,983(,16):283-296.
[32]Yang Tingzhong,Huang Li,Wu Zhengyi.The Validity ofChinese Health Questionnaire in the Mental Disorder Studies inMainland China[J].Chinese Journal of Epidemiology,2003,(24):769-773.
[33]House J,Umberson D,Landis K.Structures and Processesof Social Support[J].Annual Review of Sociology,1988,(14):293-318.
[2]Fritz C.Disaster[A].in Merton R.and Nisbet R.(eds).Contemporary Social Problems:An Introudiction to the Sociolo-gy of Deviant Behavior and Social Disorganization[C].NewYork:Harcourt,Brace,and World,1961.651-694.
[3]Stalling R.Weberian Political Sociology and SociologicalDisaster Studies[J].Sociological Forum,2002,17(2):281-305.
[4]Quarantelli E L.Disaster Studies:The Consequences of TheHistorical Use of a Sociological Approach in the Developmentof Research[J].International Journal of Mass Emergencies andDisasters 1,9941,2(1):25-37.
[5]Scott J.Social Network Analysis:A Handbook[M].Lon-don:Sage Publications Ltd,1991.
[6]Portes A.Social Capital:Its Origins and Applications inModern Sociology[J].Annual Review of Sociology,1998,(24):1-24.
[7]Putnam R.Making Democracy Work:Civic Traditions inModern Italy[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press.
[8]赵延东,罗家德.如何测量社会资本:一个经验研究的综述[J].国外社会科学,2005(,2):18-24.
[9]Drabek T,Taminga J,Kilijanek T.and Adams C.ManagingMultiorganizational emergency Responses:Emergent Search andRescue Networks in Natural Disasters and Remote Area Set-tings.[R].Boulder:Institute of Behaivor Science,University ofColombia1,981.
[10]Barton A.Communities in Disaster[M].Garden City,NY:Anchor,Doubleday,1970.
[11]Dynes R.Organized Behavior in Disaster[M.]Columbus:OhioState University,Disaster Research Center,Serial No.3.1974.
[12]Dynes R.Community Social Capital as the Primary Basisfor Resilience[R].University of Delaware,Disaster ResearchCenter.Preliminary paper No.344.2005.
[13]Haines V,Hurlbert J.and Beggs J.Exploring the Determi-nants of Support Provision:Provider Characteristics,PersonalNetworks,Community Contexts,and Support Following LifeEvents[J].Journal of Health and social Behavior,1996,37(3):252-264.
[14]Hurlbert J,Haines V.and Beggs J.Core Networks and TieActivation:What Kinds of Routine Netowrks Allocate Re-sources in Nonroutine Situations?[J].American SociologicalReview,2000,65(4):598-618.
[15]Hurlbert J,Haines V.and Beggs J.Social Networks andSocial Capital in Extreme Environments[A].in N.Lin,K.Cook,and R.Burt(eds).Social Capital:Theory and Re-search[C.]New York:Walter de Gruyter,2001.209-232.
[16]赵延东,邓大胜,李睿婕.汶川地震灾区的社会资本状况分析[J.]中国软科学,2010(,8):91-98
[17]边燕杰,李煜.中国城市居民的社会网络资本[J].清华社会学评论,2000(,2):1-22.
[18]王卫东.中国城市居民的网络资本与个人资本[J].社会学研究,2006(,3):151-166.
[19]赵延东.社会资本与灾后恢复:一项自然灾害的社会学研究[J.]社会学研究,2007(,5):164-187.
[20]赵延东.自然灾害中的社会资本研究[J].国外社会科学,2007(,2):53-60.
[21]Aguirre E.The Lack of Warning before the Saragosa Tor-nado[J.]International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disas-ters,1988(,6):65-74.
[22]Lechat M.Corporal Damage as Related to Building Struc-ture and Design[M.]Center for Research on the Epidemiologyof Disaster,Catholic Universtiy.Belgium:Lovain.1989.
[23]Granovetter M.The Strength of Weak Tie[J].AmericanJournal of Sociology1,973(,78):1360-1380.
[24]Fitzpatrick C,Mileti D.Public Risk Communication[A].in Dynes,R.and K.Tierney(eds).Disasters,Collective Be-haviora,nd Social Organizations[C].Newark,DE:University ofDelaware Press,1994.71-84.
[25]Kaniasty K,Norris F.In Search of Altruistic Community:Patterns of Social Support Mobilization Following HurricaneHugo[J].American Journal of Community Psychology,1995a,(23):447-477.
[26]Kaniasty K,Norris.Mobilization and Deterioration of So-cial Support Following Natural Disasters[J].Current Directionsin Psychological Science,1995b4,(3):94-98.
[27]Hobfoll S.The Ecology of Stress[M].New York:Hemi-sphere1,988.
[28]Vaux A.Social support:Theory,Research,and Interven-tion[M].New York:Praeger1,988.
[29]Hobfoll S,Lerman M.Predicting Receipt of Social Sup-port:A Longitudinal Study of Parents’Recations to TheirChild’s Illness[J].Health Psychology1,989(,8):61-77.
[30]Drabek T,Key W.Conquering Disaster:Family Recovery andLong-Term Consequences[M.]New York:Irvington1,984.
[31]Bolin R,Klenow D.Response of Elderly to Disaster:AnAge-stratified Analysis[J].International Journal of Aging andHuman Development1,983(,16):283-296.
[32]Yang Tingzhong,Huang Li,Wu Zhengyi.The Validity ofChinese Health Questionnaire in the Mental Disorder Studies inMainland China[J].Chinese Journal of Epidemiology,2003,(24):769-773.
[33]House J,Umberson D,Landis K.Structures and Processesof Social Support[J].Annual Review of Sociology,1988,(14):293-318.
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