基于环境容量的汶川地震重建规划区环境适宜性评价
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摘要
基于对四川汶川地震中受灾严重的51个县1271个乡镇的水环境容量估算,对不同地域的环境适宜性进行评价,旨在为震区恢复重建的人口、经济布局提供一定科学依据。水环境容量选择COD和NH3-N两个指标进行评价,首先利用降雨量、径流系数和径流深等参数评价单元的径流量,再根据水环境质量标准、水体自然背景值等参数估算环境容量;进而在水环境污染胁迫程度计算的基础上,进行了环境适宜性评价。结果显示:水环境容量区域性差异明显,北部三省交界区域的乡镇容量较高、东南部四川盆地边缘和内部区域的乡镇容量较高、西部的山区乡镇环境容量低;西南部污染胁迫程度较低,环境适宜性较高;西部自然保护区胁迫程度较大,环境适宜性较低;成都平原附近县域胁迫较大,环境适宜性较低;环境适宜性区域性明显,但也呈现出一定的分散性。
Based on the calculation of water environmental capacity 1271 towns among the 51 most seriously affected counties in the Wenchuan Earthquake zone,Sichuan Province,the environmental suitability of different regions was assessed in order to provide a scientific reference point for the population and economy in post-Wenchuan Earthquake restoration and reconstruction.COD and NH3-N were used to assess water environmental capacity.First,the runoff amount of every unit was calculated using parameters such as rainfall,flow coefficient and runoff quantity;second,environmental capacity was estimated from the water environmental quality standards and water background quality;finally,environmental suitability was assessed based on calculation of the degree of water pollution stress.The results showed:(1)regional differences in water environmental capacity:the water capacity of villages and towns in the northern tri-province boundary region,the southeastern edge and the inner Sichuan Basin was high,while that in the western mountain area was low;(2)water pollution stress in the southwest was low and environmental suitability was high;(3)water pollution stress in the natural protection area in the western region was high and environmental suitability was low;(4)water pollution stress in areas close to the Chengdu Plain was high and the environmental suitability was low;(5)The distribution of environmental suitability level presents clear regionality as well as some dispersivity.
Based on the calculation of water environmental capacity 1271 towns among the 51 most seriously affected counties in the Wenchuan Earthquake zone,Sichuan Province,the environmental suitability of different regions was assessed in order to provide a scientific reference point for the population and economy in post-Wenchuan Earthquake restoration and reconstruction.COD and NH3-N were used to assess water environmental capacity.First,the runoff amount of every unit was calculated using parameters such as rainfall,flow coefficient and runoff quantity;second,environmental capacity was estimated from the water environmental quality standards and water background quality;finally,environmental suitability was assessed based on calculation of the degree of water pollution stress.The results showed:(1)regional differences in water environmental capacity:the water capacity of villages and towns in the northern tri-province boundary region,the southeastern edge and the inner Sichuan Basin was high,while that in the western mountain area was low;(2)water pollution stress in the southwest was low and environmental suitability was high;(3)water pollution stress in the natural protection area in the western region was high and environmental suitability was low;(4)water pollution stress in areas close to the Chengdu Plain was high and the environmental suitability was low;(5)The distribution of environmental suitability level presents clear regionality as well as some dispersivity.
引文
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[1]李纲,郭铁栓,王慧敏.2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震序列简介.中国地震,2008,24(2):187～196.
[2]金磊.四川汶川大地震重建规划设计问题研究.环境保护,2008,11:49～51.
[3]黄真理,李玉粱,李锦秀,等.三峡水库水环境容量计算.水利学报,2004,3:7～15.
[4]张永良,刘培哲.水环境容量综合手册.北京:清华大学出版社,1991.67～69.
[6]陆渝蓉.地球水环境学.南京:南京大学出版社,1999.87～88.
[7]周孝德,郭谨珑,程文,等.水环境容量计算方法研究.西安理工大学学报,1995,15(3):1～6.
[8]王渺林,郭丽娟,高攀宇,等.岷江流域水资源安全及适应对策.重庆交通学院学报,2006,25(4):138～142.
[9]杨立中,熊风,罗洁.涪江绵阳段河流水环境容量测算.西南交通大学学报,2007,42(2):153～157.
[10]熊风,罗洁,杨立中,等.城市河流水污染总量控制和综合治理研究——以四川省绵阳市涪江河段为例.重庆建筑大学学报,2008,30(1):109～113.
[11]戴本林,杨立中,贺玉龙,等.四川省涪江支流安昌河水环境容量的研究.土壤通报,2008,1:206～208.
[2]Jin L.Research on the Rebuild Designs of Wenchuan Earthquake Region.Environmental Protection,2008,11:49-51.
[3]Huang Z L,Li YL,LI J X,et al.Water environmental capacity for the reservoir of Three Gorges Project.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,3:7-15.
[4]Zhang Y L,Liu P Z.Synthesis Manual for Water Environment Capacity.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1991.67-69.
[5]Yao Y J,Yin HL,Li S.The computation approach for water environmental capacity in Tidal River Network.Journal of Hydrodynamics,2006,18(3):273-277.
[6]Lu Y R.Environment Sciences for Earth Water.Nanjing:Nanjing University Press,1999.87-88.
[7]Zhou X D,Guo J L,Cheng W,et al.The comparison of the environmental capacity calculation methods.Journal of Xi′an University of Technology,1995,15(3):1-6.
[8]Wang ML,Guo L J,Gao P Y,et al.Discussion on water security problem and countermeasure in Minjiang River.Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University,2006,25(4):138-142.
[9]Yang L Z,Xiong F,Luo J.Water environment capacity calculation of Fujiang River in Mianyang.Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2007,42(2):153-157.
[10]Xiong F,Luo J,Yang L Z,et al.Study on gross control and comprehensive treatment of urban river according to Fu River in Mianyang District Sichuan.Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University,2008,30(1):109-113.
[11]Dai B L,Yang L Z,He Y L,et al.Water environmental capacity of anchang River in Sichuan Province.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2008,1:206-208.
[1]李纲,郭铁栓,王慧敏.2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震序列简介.中国地震,2008,24(2):187～196.
[2]金磊.四川汶川大地震重建规划设计问题研究.环境保护,2008,11:49～51.
[3]黄真理,李玉粱,李锦秀,等.三峡水库水环境容量计算.水利学报,2004,3:7～15.
[4]张永良,刘培哲.水环境容量综合手册.北京:清华大学出版社,1991.67～69.
[6]陆渝蓉.地球水环境学.南京:南京大学出版社,1999.87～88.
[7]周孝德,郭谨珑,程文,等.水环境容量计算方法研究.西安理工大学学报,1995,15(3):1～6.
[8]王渺林,郭丽娟,高攀宇,等.岷江流域水资源安全及适应对策.重庆交通学院学报,2006,25(4):138～142.
[9]杨立中,熊风,罗洁.涪江绵阳段河流水环境容量测算.西南交通大学学报,2007,42(2):153～157.
[10]熊风,罗洁,杨立中,等.城市河流水污染总量控制和综合治理研究——以四川省绵阳市涪江河段为例.重庆建筑大学学报,2008,30(1):109～113.
[11]戴本林,杨立中,贺玉龙,等.四川省涪江支流安昌河水环境容量的研究.土壤通报,2008,1:206～208.
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