玉树震区地质灾害地震响应分析
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摘要
2010年4月14日7时49分,青海省玉树县发生了Ms7.1级地震。玉树地震不仅造成大量房屋破坏与人员伤亡,同时,引发了大量崩塌、滑坡和山体裂缝,并且形成了大量的诸如泥石流、堵河溃坝等链生灾害隐患。通过现场调查与数据的统计、分析,震区崩滑流地质灾害地震响应显著,地质灾害数量急剧增加,尤其是重大地质灾害隐患数量增加明显,空间分布上由震前的零星散点状分布转为震后的集中分布,地质灾害影响范围急剧扩大,危害程度也显著增高,主导诱发因素由震前的斜坡卸荷、降雨及人类工程活动等转为地震振动为主导诱发因素;震后地质灾害活动发展趋势将随地震对斜坡稳定性的长期影响、玉树灾区重建工作以及地质环境容量问题而将持续加剧,持续时间评估在10年左右。
At 7: 49 a.m.on April 14thin 2010,the Ms7.1 earthquake occurred in Yushu county,Qinghai province.The Yushu earthquake not only resulted in destruction of lots of houses and plenty of casualty,but also brought large numbers of latent geo-hazards chain such as debris flow and dam break,along with rock falls,landslides and ground cracks.Based on survey in field,statistics and analysis,it proves that the seismic response of geo-hazards in Yushu area is notable.The numbers of geo-hazards increase rapidly,especially the ones of the serious geo-hazards increase obviously.The scattered distribution of geo-hazards changes into concentrated distribution before and after the earthquake.And the influence scope of geo-hazards extends rapidly with increase of damage degree of geo-hazards.Before the earthquake the main induced factors include unloading,rainfall,engineering activities of human,and so on,but the earthquake vibration is turned into the main induced factor after the earthquake.After the earthquake the activities of geo-hazards will keep continuous intensity with the influence of the earthquake vibration,rebuilding and the limited geological environmental capacity,and the duration evaluated will be about 10 years.
At 7: 49 a.m.on April 14thin 2010,the Ms7.1 earthquake occurred in Yushu county,Qinghai province.The Yushu earthquake not only resulted in destruction of lots of houses and plenty of casualty,but also brought large numbers of latent geo-hazards chain such as debris flow and dam break,along with rock falls,landslides and ground cracks.Based on survey in field,statistics and analysis,it proves that the seismic response of geo-hazards in Yushu area is notable.The numbers of geo-hazards increase rapidly,especially the ones of the serious geo-hazards increase obviously.The scattered distribution of geo-hazards changes into concentrated distribution before and after the earthquake.And the influence scope of geo-hazards extends rapidly with increase of damage degree of geo-hazards.Before the earthquake the main induced factors include unloading,rainfall,engineering activities of human,and so on,but the earthquake vibration is turned into the main induced factor after the earthquake.After the earthquake the activities of geo-hazards will keep continuous intensity with the influence of the earthquake vibration,rebuilding and the limited geological environmental capacity,and the duration evaluated will be about 10 years.
引文
[1]殷跃平,张永双,马寅生,等.青海玉树Ms7.1级地震地质灾害主要特征[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(3):289-296.
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[4]都昌庭,李文巧,卢宁,等.2006年青海玉树地震类型和发震构造分析[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(3):271-274.
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[9]青海省水文地质工程地质勘察院.青海省玉树县地质灾害调查与区划报告[R].西宁:青海省水文地质工程地质勘察院,2005:26-49.
[2]闻学泽,徐锡伟,郑荣章,等.甘孜—玉树断裂的平均滑动速率与近代大地震破裂[J].中国科学,2003,33(S):199-208.
[3]周荣军,闻学泽,蔡长星,等.甘孜—玉树断裂带的近代地震与未来地震趋势估计[J].地震地质,1997,19(2):115-124.
[4]都昌庭,李文巧,卢宁,等.2006年青海玉树地震类型和发震构造分析[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(3):271-274.
[5]赵家绪,李玉军,张力征,等.青海玉树“4·14”地震灾区地质灾害应急排查报告[R].西宁:青海省地质环境监测总站,2010:16-20.
[6]张永双,马寅生,胡道功,等.玉树地震地表破裂调查与灾后重建避让选址研究[J].地质学报,2010,84(5):593-605.
[7]黄润秋,唐川,李勇,等.汶川地震地质灾害研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:226-255.
[8]黄润秋.汶川地震地质灾害后效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(2):145-151.
[9]青海省水文地质工程地质勘察院.青海省玉树县地质灾害调查与区划报告[R].西宁:青海省水文地质工程地质勘察院,2005:26-49.
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