城市危险源对地震次生火灾影响的计算机模拟
|
摘要
城市危险源分布范围较广,有些还以线状和网络状分布在人口、公共设施集中的区域。在地震的作用下,城市中潜在的危险源对地震次生火灾的起火和蔓延都有着重要的影响。着重研究了城市中危险源对地震次生火灾起火的影响,并建立了基于元胞自动机的城市区域火蔓延概率模型。模拟结果再现了火蔓延的过程,不仅提高了人们对城市区域火蔓延危害的认识,而且为城市危险源纳入城市布局和城区建设规划设计提供了依据。
The city hazards are widely distributed and a lot of them distributed in the region where population and public facility are concentrated.The city hazards have a great effect on the post-earthquake fire ignition and spreading.The effect of city hazards on post-earthquake fire was studied.A fire spreading probability model of city district based on cellular automata was developed.The fire spreading process was reproduced successfully by the model.The reproduction of fire process can not only improve the people's cognition,but also provide the certain basis for city planning.
The city hazards are widely distributed and a lot of them distributed in the region where population and public facility are concentrated.The city hazards have a great effect on the post-earthquake fire ignition and spreading.The effect of city hazards on post-earthquake fire was studied.A fire spreading probability model of city district based on cellular automata was developed.The fire spreading process was reproduced successfully by the model.The reproduction of fire process can not only improve the people's cognition,but also provide the certain basis for city planning.
引文
[1]张宝红,陈宏德.地震火灾事例调查[J].自然灾害学报,1994,3(4):39-48.ZHANG Bao-hong,CHEN Hong-de.Investigationon earthquake-induced fire disasters[J].J of Natu-ral Disasters,1994,3(4):39-48.(in Chinese)
[2]赵思健,任爱珠,熊利亚.城市地震次生火灾研究综述[J].自然灾害学报,2006,15(2):57-67.ZHAO Si-jian,REN Ai-zhu,XIONG Li-ya.Re-view of studies on urban post-earthquake fires[J].Jof Natural Disasters,2006,15(2):57-67.(in Chi-nese)
[3]向琴琴.基于GIS的地震次生火灾危险性评估及动态蔓延模拟[D].北京:北京工业大学,2005.XIANG Qin-qin.Post-earthquake fire risk assess-ment and dynamic spreading simulation based onGIS[D].Beijing:Beijing Univ.of Tech.,2005.(inChinese)
[4]KOBAYASHI M.Urban post-earthquake fires inJapan[C]//Proc U.S.-Japan Workshop on UrbanEarthq Hazards Reduction,1985:121-133.
[5]TRIFUNAC M D,TODOROVSKA M I.TheNorthridge,California,earthquake of 1994:fire igni-tion by strong shaking[J].Soil Dyn and EarthqEng,1998,17(2):165-175.
[6]李杰,李国强.地震次生火灾预测模型研究[J].中国地震,1992,8(1):76-82.LI Jie,LI Guo-qiang.A research on the predictionmodel of earthquake-aroused fire disaster[J].Earthq Res in China,1992,8(1):76-82.(in Chi-nese)
[7]赵振东,余世舟,钟江荣.建筑物震后火灾发生与蔓延危险性分析的概率模型[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(4):183-187.ZHAO Zhen-dong,YU Shi-zhou,ZHONG Jiang-rong.Probability model for hazard analysis of post-earthquake fire occurrence and spread among build-ings[J].Earthq Eng and Engineeringvib,2003,23(4):183-187.(in Chinese)
[8]KARAFYLLIDIS I,THANAILAKIS A.A modelfor predicting forest fire spreading using cellular au-tomata[J].Ecological Modelling,1997,99:87-97.
[9]HERN NDEZ ENCINAS A,HERN NDEZ EN-CINAS L,HOYA WHITE S,et al.Simulation offorest fire fronts using cellular automata[J].Adv inEng Software,2007,38(6):372-378.
[10]OHGAI A,GOHNAI Y,WATANABE K.Cellu-lar automata modeling of fire spread in built-up are-as-A tool to aid community-based planning for dis-aster mitigation[J].Comput,Enviro and UrbanSyst,2007,31(4):441-460.
[11]孟晓静,杨立中,李健.基于元胞自动机的城市区域火蔓延概率模型探讨[J].中国安全科学学报,2008,18(2):28-33.MENG Xiao-jing,YANG Li-zhong,LI Jian.Prob-ability model of urban district fire spread based oncellular automata[J].China Safety Sci J,2008,18(2):28-33.(in Chinese)
[12]JIROU K,KOBAYASHI K.Fire on a regionalscale[Z]//Fire Inst.of Japan ed.Fire handbook.Tokyo:Kyoritsu Pub.,1997.
[13]SUGAHARA S.The theory of urban fire spread[M].Fire Inst of Japan ed.Fire handbook.Tokyo:Kyoritsu Pub.,1997.
[14]许建东,王新茹,林建德,等.基于GIS的城市地震次生火灾蔓延初步研究———以福州市区为例[J].地震地质,2002,24(3):445-452.XU Jian-dong,WANG Xin-ru,LIN Chien-te,etal.Preliminary study of earthquake-induced urbanfire spreading[J].Seismology and Geology,2002,24(3):445-452.(in Chinese)
[15]Sekizawa A.Post-earthquake fires and firefightingactivities in the early stage in the 1995 Great Han-shin earthquake[C]//Thirteenth Meeting of theUJNR Panel on Fire Res and Safety,Gaithers-burg,MD:NIST,1996,2:289-302.
[2]赵思健,任爱珠,熊利亚.城市地震次生火灾研究综述[J].自然灾害学报,2006,15(2):57-67.ZHAO Si-jian,REN Ai-zhu,XIONG Li-ya.Re-view of studies on urban post-earthquake fires[J].Jof Natural Disasters,2006,15(2):57-67.(in Chi-nese)
[3]向琴琴.基于GIS的地震次生火灾危险性评估及动态蔓延模拟[D].北京:北京工业大学,2005.XIANG Qin-qin.Post-earthquake fire risk assess-ment and dynamic spreading simulation based onGIS[D].Beijing:Beijing Univ.of Tech.,2005.(inChinese)
[4]KOBAYASHI M.Urban post-earthquake fires inJapan[C]//Proc U.S.-Japan Workshop on UrbanEarthq Hazards Reduction,1985:121-133.
[5]TRIFUNAC M D,TODOROVSKA M I.TheNorthridge,California,earthquake of 1994:fire igni-tion by strong shaking[J].Soil Dyn and EarthqEng,1998,17(2):165-175.
[6]李杰,李国强.地震次生火灾预测模型研究[J].中国地震,1992,8(1):76-82.LI Jie,LI Guo-qiang.A research on the predictionmodel of earthquake-aroused fire disaster[J].Earthq Res in China,1992,8(1):76-82.(in Chi-nese)
[7]赵振东,余世舟,钟江荣.建筑物震后火灾发生与蔓延危险性分析的概率模型[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(4):183-187.ZHAO Zhen-dong,YU Shi-zhou,ZHONG Jiang-rong.Probability model for hazard analysis of post-earthquake fire occurrence and spread among build-ings[J].Earthq Eng and Engineeringvib,2003,23(4):183-187.(in Chinese)
[8]KARAFYLLIDIS I,THANAILAKIS A.A modelfor predicting forest fire spreading using cellular au-tomata[J].Ecological Modelling,1997,99:87-97.
[9]HERN NDEZ ENCINAS A,HERN NDEZ EN-CINAS L,HOYA WHITE S,et al.Simulation offorest fire fronts using cellular automata[J].Adv inEng Software,2007,38(6):372-378.
[10]OHGAI A,GOHNAI Y,WATANABE K.Cellu-lar automata modeling of fire spread in built-up are-as-A tool to aid community-based planning for dis-aster mitigation[J].Comput,Enviro and UrbanSyst,2007,31(4):441-460.
[11]孟晓静,杨立中,李健.基于元胞自动机的城市区域火蔓延概率模型探讨[J].中国安全科学学报,2008,18(2):28-33.MENG Xiao-jing,YANG Li-zhong,LI Jian.Prob-ability model of urban district fire spread based oncellular automata[J].China Safety Sci J,2008,18(2):28-33.(in Chinese)
[12]JIROU K,KOBAYASHI K.Fire on a regionalscale[Z]//Fire Inst.of Japan ed.Fire handbook.Tokyo:Kyoritsu Pub.,1997.
[13]SUGAHARA S.The theory of urban fire spread[M].Fire Inst of Japan ed.Fire handbook.Tokyo:Kyoritsu Pub.,1997.
[14]许建东,王新茹,林建德,等.基于GIS的城市地震次生火灾蔓延初步研究———以福州市区为例[J].地震地质,2002,24(3):445-452.XU Jian-dong,WANG Xin-ru,LIN Chien-te,etal.Preliminary study of earthquake-induced urbanfire spreading[J].Seismology and Geology,2002,24(3):445-452.(in Chinese)
[15]Sekizawa A.Post-earthquake fires and firefightingactivities in the early stage in the 1995 Great Han-shin earthquake[C]//Thirteenth Meeting of theUJNR Panel on Fire Res and Safety,Gaithers-burg,MD:NIST,1996,2:289-302.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心