汶川地震灾区安置点的防灾研究
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摘要
用准确的统计数据描述了汶川地震灾区安置点的规模,研究了洪灾、泥石流和火灾对灾区安置点的影响,对安置点的选址、规模、搭建板房所用板材、安置点防火设计以及应对今后可能的突发自然灾害等相关问题提出了建议。灾区安置点选址在严格遵循工程建设选址基本原则的前提下,还要考虑地震次生灾害的影响。安置点的建设应符合灾区的实际需要,规模适度。应尽快研究板房拆除后的资源回收再利用。安置住房应成组团布置,每50套作为一个防火单元,组团之间建筑间距不应小于9 m。扑救板房火灾最有效的战术是在用水枪灭火、阻火、冷却同时,迅速实施破折。活动板房应采用环保型不燃或难燃材料搭建。应尽快制定过渡安置房设计规范。
The scale of the settlements of the Wenchuan earthquake hit area was stated with accurate statistical data.The author studied the effect of flood,debris flow and fire on the settlements,and gave suggestions on the choice of sites,scale of the settlements,materials of the temporary prefabricated houses,design of fire protection and how to calmly respond to possible sudden natural disasters.To locate settlements should strictly follow the basic principles of the construction site,but also consider the impact of secondary disasters.The construction of settlements should be consistent with the actual needs of the disaster area,in an appropriate scale.Research on recycling of board room should be done as soon as possible.Allocation of settlements should to be arranged into groups,each of 50 sets as a fire unit,building spacing between groups must not less than 9 m.The most effective fire fighting tactic to put out board room fire is to use fire gun to put out and stop flame,cooling at the same time,and break rapidly.Materials of the board room should be non-combustible or flame retardant and environment friendly.Relative code for design of temporary settlements should be made as soon as possible.
The scale of the settlements of the Wenchuan earthquake hit area was stated with accurate statistical data.The author studied the effect of flood,debris flow and fire on the settlements,and gave suggestions on the choice of sites,scale of the settlements,materials of the temporary prefabricated houses,design of fire protection and how to calmly respond to possible sudden natural disasters.To locate settlements should strictly follow the basic principles of the construction site,but also consider the impact of secondary disasters.The construction of settlements should be consistent with the actual needs of the disaster area,in an appropriate scale.Research on recycling of board room should be done as soon as possible.Allocation of settlements should to be arranged into groups,each of 50 sets as a fire unit,building spacing between groups must not less than 9 m.The most effective fire fighting tactic to put out board room fire is to use fire gun to put out and stop flame,cooling at the same time,and break rapidly.Materials of the board room should be non-combustible or flame retardant and environment friendly.Relative code for design of temporary settlements should be made as soon as possible.
引文
[1]全国人民代表大会常务委员会.中华人民共和国防震减灾法[S].
[2]国务院令第526号.汶川地震灾后恢复重建条例[S].
[3]国发(2008)22号.国务院关于做好汶川地震灾后恢复重建工作的指导意见[S].
[4]国发(2008)31号.国务院关于印发汶川地震灾后恢复重建总体规划的通知[S].
[5]住房和城乡建设部.地震灾区过渡安置房建设技术导则[S].
[6]四川省“5.12”抗震救灾指挥部.四川省地震灾区过渡安置点建设消防技术措施[S].
[7]四川省“5.12”抗震救灾指挥部.四川省地震灾民安置点消防安全管理规定[S].
[8]宋晓勇.论汶川地震灾后灾区过渡安置点的消防安全[J].消防科学与技术,2008,27(7):538-541.
[2]国务院令第526号.汶川地震灾后恢复重建条例[S].
[3]国发(2008)22号.国务院关于做好汶川地震灾后恢复重建工作的指导意见[S].
[4]国发(2008)31号.国务院关于印发汶川地震灾后恢复重建总体规划的通知[S].
[5]住房和城乡建设部.地震灾区过渡安置房建设技术导则[S].
[6]四川省“5.12”抗震救灾指挥部.四川省地震灾区过渡安置点建设消防技术措施[S].
[7]四川省“5.12”抗震救灾指挥部.四川省地震灾民安置点消防安全管理规定[S].
[8]宋晓勇.论汶川地震灾后灾区过渡安置点的消防安全[J].消防科学与技术,2008,27(7):538-541.
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