青海玉树地区小学生对地震灾害的响应现状分析
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摘要
以2010年4月14日青海玉树7.1级地震为例,借助问卷调查,对该地区小学生响应地震灾害的现状进行了调查分析,得出以下主要结论:玉树地区小学生响应地震灾害的水平整体偏低;多数小学生在地震发生时没有采取紧急避震或逃生的措施,但大部分小学生都具有帮助和解救他人的意愿;多数小学生容易受地震谣言的影响,其抵御地震谣言的能力还比较弱;地震发生之后,小学生不同程度地出现了害怕、慌乱和悲伤等不良情绪,但多数小学生能在较短时间内恢复对学习和生活的信心。今后,应当以学校课堂教学为主,结合其它有效途径向小学生宣传地震灾害和知识,提高小学生辨识地震谣言的能力;向小学生传授行之有效的自救互救技能,并且要加强针对性的应急演练;同时还要培养小学生的心理素质,全面提升小学生响应地震灾害的水平。
Taking M7.1 earthquake occurred in Yushu area,Qinghai Province on April 14th,2010 as the case disaster event,the present situation of elementary school students' response to earthquake disaster in Yushu area is analyzed preliminarily through questionnaire survey.The main conclusions are as follows: The total level on responding the earthquake disaster of elementary school students in Yushu area is low.Most of the students didn't take measures of emergency evacuation,but the majority of them have the willingness to help and rescue others.Most pupils are susceptible to the influence of earthquake rumors and the ability of them to resist earthquake rumors is relatively weak.After the earthquake,the elementary school students had fear,panic,sorrow or other bad mood but most of them recover confidence in life and learning in a short period of time.Henceforth,the publicity of earthquake disaster should rely mainly on the classroom education,combined with other effective ways to improve their capabilities of identifying earthquake rumors,to teach them skills of self-help and mutual aid and strengthen the emergency maneuver.Furthermore psychological qualities of the pupils are need to be developed to enhance their capabilities of response to earthquake disaster.
Taking M7.1 earthquake occurred in Yushu area,Qinghai Province on April 14th,2010 as the case disaster event,the present situation of elementary school students' response to earthquake disaster in Yushu area is analyzed preliminarily through questionnaire survey.The main conclusions are as follows: The total level on responding the earthquake disaster of elementary school students in Yushu area is low.Most of the students didn't take measures of emergency evacuation,but the majority of them have the willingness to help and rescue others.Most pupils are susceptible to the influence of earthquake rumors and the ability of them to resist earthquake rumors is relatively weak.After the earthquake,the elementary school students had fear,panic,sorrow or other bad mood but most of them recover confidence in life and learning in a short period of time.Henceforth,the publicity of earthquake disaster should rely mainly on the classroom education,combined with other effective ways to improve their capabilities of identifying earthquake rumors,to teach them skills of self-help and mutual aid and strengthen the emergency maneuver.Furthermore psychological qualities of the pupils are need to be developed to enhance their capabilities of response to earthquake disaster.
引文
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[3]中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网.国家防震减灾规划(2006—2020年)[EB/OL].[2007-10-31].http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2007-10/31/content791708.htm.
[4]中国地震局震害防御司.中华人民共和国防震减灾法(修订)[EB/OL].[2009-01-06].http://www.cea.gov.cn/man-age/html/8a8587881632fa5c0116674a018300cf/content/0901/06/1231213554980.html.
[5]苏桂武,马宗晋,王若嘉,等.汶川地震灾区民众认知与响应地震灾害的特点及其减灾宣教意义——以四川省德阳市为例[J].地震地质,2008,30(4):877-894.
[6]杨洁,李睿,王静爱.汶川8.0级地震灾后响应研究——以灾后学生响应为例[J].灾害学,2009,24(4):125-129.
[8]王若嘉,苏桂武,张书维,等.云南普洱地区中学生认知与响应地震灾害特点的初步研究——以2007年宁洱6.4级地震灾害为例[J].灾害学,2009,24(1):133-138.
[9]周旗,郁耀闯.乡村与城市社区居民灾害感知比较研究[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2009,39(1):149-154.
[10]魏本勇,苏桂武,吴琼,等.农村家庭认知与响应地震灾害的特点及其家庭际差异:以2007年云南宁洱6.4级地震灾区为例[J].自然灾害学报,2012,21(4):116-124.
[11]张英,王民,李斐,等.我国部分省市初中生防灾素养调查研究[J].灾害学,2012,27(2):100-104.
[12]李曼,邓砚,苏桂武.基于问卷调查的四川民众地震灾害响应能力分区评价[J].灾害学,2012,27(2):140-144.
[13]杨宏飞,赵贞卿.城乡居民突发事件应对能力研究[J].灾害学,2012,27(3):126-131.
[14]青海玉树7.1级地震现场工作队.2010年4月14日青海省玉树7.1级地震直接损失评估报告[R].2010.
[15]风笑天.社会学研究方法[M].3版.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2007.
[16]郝大海.社会调查研究方法[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005.
[17]马宗晋,杜品仁,高祥林.地震知识问答[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[18]张本,王学义,孙贺祥,等.唐山大地震孤儿远期心身健康的调查研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2000,14(1):17-19.
[19]秦虹云,季建林.PTSD及其危机干预[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(9):614-616.
[20]安芹,贾晓明,李波,等.危机事件后心理干预模式的探索—非典后大学生小组心理干预研究报告[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2005,13(1):5l-53.
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