高速远程滑坡气垫效应的风洞模拟试验研究
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摘要
将木质材料制成不同坡度、不同横断面形式的沟谷地形,通过大型风洞模拟试验,测定了地面效应影响下滑体凌空飞行时的空气动力学参数.风洞试验结果表明:沟谷地形对地面效应影响显著.地形圈闭效果越好,地面效应越明显,模型升力系数相对于平坦地形将成倍增加;模型离地高度越小,气垫效应越显著,但对平坦地形影响不明显;各沟谷地形下升阻比曲线变化基本相同,最大值均发生在飞行迎角8°左右.
Many high-speed and long-runout landslides could fly in the air at the start-range stage,which has a significant effect of aero-dynamics.A wing model which is similar to sliding mass and a wing tunnel testing are made to determine the influence of aerodynamic effect and aerodynamic parameters.In the testing,valley terrain with different slopes and cross-sections can be made of wooden material.The results of wind tunnel testing show that aerodynamic properties of high-speed landslide are significant by the air cushion effect.Because of the different valley terrain,lift coefficient will dramatically increase when the around mountains get to closer.Therefore,vertical lift of high-speed sliding mass is increased,but it's not obvious in flat terrain.The variations of lift-drag ratio in different valley terrains are basically the same,and the maximum values happen when angles of attack equal to 8°.
Many high-speed and long-runout landslides could fly in the air at the start-range stage,which has a significant effect of aero-dynamics.A wing model which is similar to sliding mass and a wing tunnel testing are made to determine the influence of aerodynamic effect and aerodynamic parameters.In the testing,valley terrain with different slopes and cross-sections can be made of wooden material.The results of wind tunnel testing show that aerodynamic properties of high-speed landslide are significant by the air cushion effect.Because of the different valley terrain,lift coefficient will dramatically increase when the around mountains get to closer.Therefore,vertical lift of high-speed sliding mass is increased,but it's not obvious in flat terrain.The variations of lift-drag ratio in different valley terrains are basically the same,and the maximum values happen when angles of attack equal to 8°.
引文
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[2]Kent P E.The transport mechanism in catastrophicrock falls[J].Geology,1966,74:79-83.
[3]Shreve R L.Leaking and fluidization in air layer lubri-cated avalanches[J].Geological Society of AmericanBulletin,1968,79(5):653-657.
[4]卢万年.用空气动力学分析坡体高速滑坡的滑行问题[J].地球科学与环境学报,1991,13(4):77–85.LU Wan-nian.Aerodynamic approach to sliding prob-lems of high landslide[J].Journal of Earth Sciencesand Environment,1991,13(4):77-85.
[5]邢爱国,高广运,吴世明.高速滑坡飞行气动特性的风洞试验研究[J].同济大学学报,2002,30(5):633-638.XING Ai-guo,GAO Guang-yun,WU Shi-ming.Stud-y on wind tunnel testing of aerodynamic properties ofhighspeed landslide flying[J].Journal of Tongji Univer-sity,2002,30(5):633-638.
[6]YIN Yue-ping,XING Ai-guo.Aerodynamic modelingof the Yigong gigantic rock slide-debris avalanche,Ti-bet,China[J].Bull Eng Geol Environ,2012,71(1):149-160.
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