快速侦察任务响应时间分析与轨道设计
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摘要
提出以任务响应时间为指标设计侦察任务和卫星轨道。给出了侦察卫星采用近地快速覆盖轨道执行快速侦察任务的流程,讨论了数据回收站的布设原则和发射场的选取方法,分析了数据回传对发射轨道的约束和光照条件对发射窗口的约束。在此基础上分析了侦察任务的响应时间,设计了快速侦察任务的最优轨道,使任务响应时间最短。在光照约束条件下,快速侦察任务的最大响应时间为1天。仿真算例验证了近地快速覆盖轨道的快速响应能力。
The response time is proposed to act as a metric to design a reconnaissance mission and its satellite orbit.The process of a responsive reconnaissance mission based on a low-earth fast access orbit(FAO) is analyzed,the deployment of a data collection station and the selection of a launch site are discussed,the data-receiving constraint on the launch orbit is analyzed,and the launch window is obtained considering the solar elevation angle.Based on the above analysis,an optimal orbit for the responsive reconnaissance is designed,which results in the minimum response time of the mission.Under the solar illumination constraint,the maximum response time of the responsive reconnaissance is one day.A simulation example exhibits the responsiveness of FAOs.
The response time is proposed to act as a metric to design a reconnaissance mission and its satellite orbit.The process of a responsive reconnaissance mission based on a low-earth fast access orbit(FAO) is analyzed,the deployment of a data collection station and the selection of a launch site are discussed,the data-receiving constraint on the launch orbit is analyzed,and the launch window is obtained considering the solar elevation angle.Based on the above analysis,an optimal orbit for the responsive reconnaissance is designed,which results in the minimum response time of the mission.Under the solar illumination constraint,the maximum response time of the responsive reconnaissance is one day.A simulation example exhibits the responsiveness of FAOs.
引文
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[19]Abdelkhalik O.Initial orbit design from ground track points[J].Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,2010,47(1):202-205.
[20]于晓辉,关会梅.汶川地震映秀镇地质条件与地表破裂特征调查[J].防灾科技学院学报,2009,11(1):57-61.(Yu X H,Guan H M.The survey of geological condition and surface rup-ture characters of Yingxiu town in the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Institute of Disaster-prevention Science and Technol-ogy,2009,11(1):57-61.)
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[2]Lang T J.A parametric examination of satellite constellations tominimize revisit time for low earth orbits using agenetic algorithm[J].Advances in Astronautical Sciences,2002,109(1):625-640.
[3]Williams E A,Crossley W A,Lang T J.Average and maxi-mum revisit time trade studies for satellite constellations usinga multiobjective genetic algorithm[J].The Journal of the As-tronautical Sciences,2001,49(3):385-400.
[4]Abdelkhalik O,Mortari D.Orbit design for ground surveil-lance using genetic algorithms[J].Journal of Guidance,Con-trol,and Dynamics,2006,29(5):1231-1235.
[5]Kim H,Jung O.Genetic design of target orbits for a tempora-ry reconnaissance mission[J].Journal of Spacecraft and Rock-ets,2009,46(3):725-728.
[6]Wertz J R.Levels of responsiveness[EB/OL].http:∥www.responsivespace.com/levelsofresponsiveness.asp.
[7]Wertz J R.Coverage,responsiveness,and accessibility for va-rious“responsive orbits”[C]∥Proc.of the 3rd AIAA Respon-sive Space Conference,2005.
[8]Wertz J R,Van Allen R E,Shelner C J.Aggressive surveil-lance as a key application area for responsive space[C]∥Proc.of the 4th AIAA Responsive Space Conference,2006.
[9]Morita Y,Imoto R,Habu H.Research on an advance solidrocket launcher in Japan[J].Journal of Space Technology&Science,2008,24(1):1-6.
[10]Imoto T,Miho K,Arakawa S.The autonomous check-out sys-tem concept design for the advanced solid rocket[J].Journalof Space Technology&Science,2008,24(1):23-25.
[11]Foust J,Smith P.Small launch vehicle services:supply anddemand through 2010[C]∥Proc.of the AIAA Space Confer-ence and Exhibit,2004.
[12]杨茜.航天照相侦察卫星[J].影像技术,2005(3-4):6-10.(Yang Q.Space reconnaissance satellites[J].Image Technolo-gy,2005(3-4):6-10.)
[13]吴炜琦,张育林.光学侦察卫星的目标探测概率分析[J].国防科技大学学报,2006,28(4):14-17.(Wu W Q,Zhang Y L.The probability analysis of target detection for the photo-re-connaissance satellite[J].Journal of National University ofDefense Technology,2006,28(4):14-17.)
[14]任萱.人造地球卫星轨道力学[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1988.(RenX.Astrodynamics of artificial satellite orbits[M].Chan-gsha:Press of National University of DefenseTechnology,1988.
[15]黄圳圭,吴美平.最省燃料消耗的发射轨道问题讨论[J].青岛大学学报,1999,14(2):51-56.(Huang Z G,Wu M P.Dis-cussion of minimum-fuel launching orbit[J].Journal of Qing-dao University,1999,14(2):51-56.)
[16]曾喻江,胡修林,王贤辉,等.最大访问间隔时间与成像侦察卫星星座[J].无线电工程,2007,37(4):29-30.(Zeng Y J,Hu X L,Wang X H,et al.Maximum access time interval and imagingreconnaissance satellite constellation[J].Radio Engineering,2007,37(4):29-30.)
[17]张恒会.国内外主要航天发射场简介[J].地理教学,2008(2):3-6.(Zhang H H.Introduction of major launch sites at homeand abroad[J].Geography Teaching,2008(2):3-6.)
[18]钱学森.星际航行概论[M].北京:中国宇航出版社,2008.(Qian X S.Conspectuses of sailing in space[M].Beijing:China Astronautic Publishing House,2008.)
[19]Abdelkhalik O.Initial orbit design from ground track points[J].Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,2010,47(1):202-205.
[20]于晓辉,关会梅.汶川地震映秀镇地质条件与地表破裂特征调查[J].防灾科技学院学报,2009,11(1):57-61.(Yu X H,Guan H M.The survey of geological condition and surface rup-ture characters of Yingxiu town in the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Institute of Disaster-prevention Science and Technol-ogy,2009,11(1):57-61.)
[21]张勇,许力生,陈运泰.2010年4月14日青海玉树地震破裂过程快速反演[J].地震学报,2010,32(3):361-365.(Zhang Y,Xu L S,Chen T Y.Fast inversion of rupture process for 14April 2010 Yushu,Qinghai,earthquake[J].Acta Seismologi-ca Sinica,2010,32(3):361-365.)
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