现代试验设计方法在高速风洞试验中的应用
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摘要
为了验证现代试验设计(MDOE)方法在高速风洞试验中应用的可行性,进一步提高风洞试验效率,采用区组化的回归组合设计进行了某运输类飞机亚声速基本纵向常规测力风洞试验,通过少量关键控制点数据建立了气动力参数随马赫数和迎角变化的二阶响应面模型,并进行了方差分析及显著性检验。同时,通过额外增加的试验点检验响应面模型的精准度。试验及分析结果表明:通过回归组合设计少量试验点建立的纵向气动力系数响应面模型预测误差满足高速风洞飞机模型测力试验精度指标要求,方差分析(ANOVA)及显著性检验结果正确反映了迎角、马赫数对飞行器基本气动特性的影响规律,突显出MDOE方法应用于风洞试验方案设计及数据分析的显著优势。
To prove the feasibility of modern design of experiments(MDOE)methodologies used on highspeed wind tunnel tests and improve the productivity of wind tunnel tests,the subsonic configuration longitudinal force test of a certain transport category airplane was performed using central composite designs of regression.The second-order response surface model of the aerodynamic parameters was established by data of a few control points with analysis of variance(ANOVA)and significance testing.Meanwhile,the precision of the response surface model was tested according to extra experiment data.The results of experiment and analysis show that the prediction precision of response surface model established by a few test points based on central composite designs of regression can meet the requests of airplane highspeed wind tunnel tests and the rule of how angles of attack and Mach number affect the basic aerodynamics performance of flight vehicle can be revealed correctly by analysis of variance and significance testing,showing the advantage of MDOE methodologies applied to scheme design and data analysis of wind tunnel tests.
To prove the feasibility of modern design of experiments(MDOE)methodologies used on highspeed wind tunnel tests and improve the productivity of wind tunnel tests,the subsonic configuration longitudinal force test of a certain transport category airplane was performed using central composite designs of regression.The second-order response surface model of the aerodynamic parameters was established by data of a few control points with analysis of variance(ANOVA)and significance testing.Meanwhile,the precision of the response surface model was tested according to extra experiment data.The results of experiment and analysis show that the prediction precision of response surface model established by a few test points based on central composite designs of regression can meet the requests of airplane highspeed wind tunnel tests and the rule of how angles of attack and Mach number affect the basic aerodynamics performance of flight vehicle can be revealed correctly by analysis of variance and significance testing,showing the advantage of MDOE methodologies applied to scheme design and data analysis of wind tunnel tests.
引文
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[17]He Z F.Probability and mathematical statistics analysis using MATLAB[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2012:182-186(in Chinese).何正风.MATLAB概率与数理统计分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2012:182-186.
[18]DeLoach R.Analysis of variance in the modern design of experiments,AIAA-2010-1111[R].Reston:AIAA,2010.
[2]Box G E P,Stuart Hunter J,Hunter W G.Statistics for experimenters:design,innovation,and discovery[M].Zhang R C,Liu M Q,Yang J F,et al,translated.Beijing:China Machine Press,2010:304-329(in Chinese).Box G E P,Stuart Hunter J,Hunter W G.试验应用统计:设计、创新和发现[M].张润楚,刘民千,杨建峰,等,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2010:304-329.
[3]Yang D.Design and analysis of experiments[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2002:1-4(in Chinese).杨德.试验设计与分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002:1-4.
[4]Fu L,Liu W L.Application of D-optimal test design method in testing of dynamically tuned gyroscope[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2008,29(2):467-471(in Chinese).富立,刘文丽.D-最优试验设计在动力调谐陀螺测试中的应用[J].航空学报,2008,29(2):467-471.
[5]Wang Z F,Wang H.Inflatable wing design parameter optimization using orthogonal testing and support vector machines[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2012,25(6):887-894.
[6]Wu Z Y,Wang Q H,Han H,et al.Applying RSM(response surface methodology)to making seismic analysis of bridge more effective,general and practical[J].Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University,2011,29(1):103-107(in Chinese).吴子燕,王其昂,韩晖,等.基于响应面法的桥梁地震易损性分析研究[J].西北工业大学学报,2011,29(1):103-107.
[7]Guo Q T,Zhang L M,Fei Q G.Response surface method and its experimental design for deterministic computer simulation[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2006,27(1):55-61(in Chinese).郭勤涛,张令弥,费庆国.用于确定性计算仿真的响应面法及其试验设计研究[J].航空学报,2006,27(1):55-61.
[8]Wang D Z,Zhang X J,Shu X F.Application of uniform design in missile components accelerated life testing[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2010,36(9):1113-1116(in Chinese).王道震,张晓杰,舒晓芬.均匀设计在弹上部件加速寿命试验中的应用[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2010,36(9):1113-1116.
[9]Ju Y P,Zhang C H.Artificial neural network model of airfoil aerodynamic performance using design of experiments[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2010,31(5):893-898(in Chinese).琚亚平,张楚华.利用试验设计法建立翼型气动特性的人工神经网络模型[J].航空学报,2010,31(5):893-898.
[10]DeLoach R.Applications of modern experiment design to wind tunnel testing at NASA Langley Research Center,AIAA-1998-0713[R].Reston:AIAA,1998.
[11]DeLoach R.Productivity and quality enhancements in a configuration aerodynamics test using the modern design of experiments,AIAA-2004-1145[R].Reston:AIAA,2004.
[12]DeLoach R,Micol J R.Comparison of resource requirements for a wind tunnel test designed with conventional vs.modern design of experiments methods,AIAA-2011-1260[R].Reston:AIAA,2011.
[13]Dowgwillo R M,DeLoach R.Using modern design of experiments to create a surface pressure database from a low speed wind tunnel test,AIAA-2004-2200[R].Reston:AIAA,2004.
[14]Dowgwillo R M,DeLoach R.Application of design of experiments to flight test:a case study[J].Journal of Aircraft,2010,47(2):458-463.
[15]Zhou L,He B H,Li J Q,et al.Simulation of boundary layer transition on application of continuous sweeping force measuring technology in large intermittent transonic wind tunnel a high aspect ratio aircraft model[J].Acta Aerodynamics Sinica,2013,31(3):357-361(in Chinese).周岭,何彬华,李建强,等.大展弦比飞机模型边界层转捩模拟技术[J].空气动力学报,2013,31(3):357-361.
[16]Wei Z,Xie Y,Wu J Q,et al.Application of continuous sweeping force measuring technology in large intermittent transonic wind tunnel[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2011,24(4):99-102(in Chinese).魏志,谢艳,吴军强,等.连续变迎角测力试验技术在大型暂冲式跨声速风洞中的应用[J].实验流体力学,2011,24(4):99-102.
[17]He Z F.Probability and mathematical statistics analysis using MATLAB[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2012:182-186(in Chinese).何正风.MATLAB概率与数理统计分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2012:182-186.
[18]DeLoach R.Analysis of variance in the modern design of experiments,AIAA-2010-1111[R].Reston:AIAA,2010.
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