无人机在重大自然灾害中的应用与探讨
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摘要
重大自然灾害往往会造成重灾区信息通讯中断和道路交通破坏,灾情传递受阻将导致抢险救灾盲目部署,继而造成更大的损失和次生灾害。因此,获取灾情成为重大自然灾害抢险救灾的首要问题。无人驾驶飞机(简称无人机)是一种新工具,能够越过山川河流阻隔,通过摄影、摄像或其他遥感手段获取灾情。通过在北川县曲山镇等地震灾区进行无人机获取灾害信息实验,在2010年玉树地震抢险救灾工作中实现了高原灾区无人机首次航拍,获取的高清图片为划分灾区范围提供了重要依据。鉴于上述实践和探索,介绍了无人机性能和影响无人机摄影的诸多因素,如天气条件、无人机航带航迹和高度、航片重叠率、图片拼接及校正等,对相机与地面影像分辨率的关系进行了介绍,还通过航拍图片和地面图片比对,总结出建筑物倒塌破坏识别的基本要则。
Major natural disasters often cause the interruption of communication and the damage of roads and transportation in the disaster-stricken area.The interruption of disaster information transmission may lead to blindness of the emergency rescue measures,and even cause more damage and secondary disasters.Therefore,it is the primary problem to acquire the information of natural disaster area.Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) is a kind of new instrument,which can fly over the obstacles of rivers and mountains,and get disaster information by shooting and filming.The authors' UAV group carried out the practice activity of flying and shooting in the Beichuan County,Wenchuan earthquake intensity epicenter area.After the Yushu M7.1 earthquake,the UAV group gained the plateau flight and photography first in the disaster area.Through a series of the exploration and practice,the authors introduce the influence factors of UAV flight and photography,such as weather condition,flight path,air strips,altitude,air photos,overlapping coefficient,photos split joint,and show the resolutions relationship between air and land photos.In addition,this paper summaries the basic identification methodology of collapsed building.
Major natural disasters often cause the interruption of communication and the damage of roads and transportation in the disaster-stricken area.The interruption of disaster information transmission may lead to blindness of the emergency rescue measures,and even cause more damage and secondary disasters.Therefore,it is the primary problem to acquire the information of natural disaster area.Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) is a kind of new instrument,which can fly over the obstacles of rivers and mountains,and get disaster information by shooting and filming.The authors' UAV group carried out the practice activity of flying and shooting in the Beichuan County,Wenchuan earthquake intensity epicenter area.After the Yushu M7.1 earthquake,the UAV group gained the plateau flight and photography first in the disaster area.Through a series of the exploration and practice,the authors introduce the influence factors of UAV flight and photography,such as weather condition,flight path,air strips,altitude,air photos,overlapping coefficient,photos split joint,and show the resolutions relationship between air and land photos.In addition,this paper summaries the basic identification methodology of collapsed building.
引文
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[3]洪宇,龚建华,胡社荣,等.无人机遥感影像获取及后续处理探讨[J].遥感技术与应用,2008,23(4):462-466.
[4]赵鹏,沈庭芝,单宝堂.微小型无人机遥感图像应用[J].火力与指挥控制,2009,34(7):158-161.
[5]金伟,葛宏立,杜华强,等.无人机遥感发展与应用概况[J].遥感信息,2009,(1):88-92.
[6]孙杰,林宗坚,崔红霞.无人机低空遥感监测系统[J].遥感信息,2003,(1):49-50,27.
[7]杨健,赵忠明,黄铁青,等.汶川地震遥感图像处理与灾难分析[J].中国体视学与图像分析,2008,13(3):151-157.
[8]李云,徐伟,吴玮.灾害监测无人机技术应用于研究[J].灾害学,2011,26(1):138-143.
[9]吕书强,晏磊,张兵,等.无人机遥感系统的集成与飞行试验研究[J].测绘科学,2007,32(1):84-86.
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