GPS电离层反演方法研究及其在地震方面的应用
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摘要
利用地基GPS数据计算了电离层单球壳模型穿刺点上的垂向总电子含量(VTEC),根据VTEC和卫星及测站接收机的差分码间偏差DCB的不同时变特性采用了复弧法,将VTEC作为局部变量(每30min一组,可调),DCB作为一天的全局量进行解算.在解算的过程中,充分考虑VTEC的空间分布特性,利用变异函数通过Kriging插值法建立电离层VTEC的二维格网模型,并给出了卫星和接收机的差分码间偏差DCB.通过与IGS结果的比较,发现其结果可靠,且时空分辨率和稳定性都有较大提高.同时,基于简化的三元样条插值基函数对电离层电子密度进行三维展开,利用乘型代数重建技术MART算法构建了同批数据的四维层析成像结果,获得了电离层电子密度的四维分布.其结果与CHAMP无线电掩星结果非常一致.利用上面两种算法又分别对2008年5月长江三角洲地区地基GPS数据进行处理,简要分析了该时段该地区上空电离层总电子含量和电子密度的变化情况及其对汶川地震的响应.
To obtain VTEC as well as DCB,a method is developed by using ground-based GPS data with multiple-arc method and Kriging interpolation.Assisted by multiple-arc method,VTEC was calculated every 30 minutes as local variables,and DCB was calculated every day as global variables. Kriging method,taking the spatial information of VTEC into account,helps us to establish a 2D model and get DCB of both satellites and receivers.The result shows itself reliably in comparison with IGS result,but more stable and precise in resolution.Meanwhile,grounded on 3-variable spline basis function,we unfold electron density into a linear combination of a set of grid point.With its contribution.CT result of ionospheric electron density was made by MART.This result is consistent with CHAMP result get by occultation method.These two ways are applied to the data of Yangtze River triangle region in May,2008 when the shocking earthquake happened in Wenchuan.A simple statistic analysis reveals the response of ionosphere to the signal associated with earthquake but occurred before it.
To obtain VTEC as well as DCB,a method is developed by using ground-based GPS data with multiple-arc method and Kriging interpolation.Assisted by multiple-arc method,VTEC was calculated every 30 minutes as local variables,and DCB was calculated every day as global variables. Kriging method,taking the spatial information of VTEC into account,helps us to establish a 2D model and get DCB of both satellites and receivers.The result shows itself reliably in comparison with IGS result,but more stable and precise in resolution.Meanwhile,grounded on 3-variable spline basis function,we unfold electron density into a linear combination of a set of grid point.With its contribution.CT result of ionospheric electron density was made by MART.This result is consistent with CHAMP result get by occultation method.These two ways are applied to the data of Yangtze River triangle region in May,2008 when the shocking earthquake happened in Wenchuan.A simple statistic analysis reveals the response of ionosphere to the signal associated with earthquake but occurred before it.
引文
[1]Wang Xiaoya,Zhu Wenyao.Methods and progress on monitoring ionosphere activity by GPS[J].Prog.Astron., 2003,21(1):33-40.In Chinese(王小亚,朱文耀.GPS监测电离层活动的方法和最新进展[J].天文学进展,2003,21(1):33- 40)
[2]Feltens J.The international GPS service(IGS) ionosphere working(IGS) group 2003,31(3):635-644
[3]Yuan Yunbin,Ou Jikun.Study on the new methods of correcting ionospheric delay and ionospheric model using GPS data[J].J.Grad.School Chin.Acad.Sci.,2002, 19(2):209-214 In Chinese(袁运斌,欧吉坤.基于GPS数据的电离层模型和电离层延迟改正新方法研究[J].中国科学院研究生院学报.2002,19(2):209-214)
[4]Zhu Wenyao,Zhang Hongping,Huang Cheng.Monitoring of small-scale ionospheric heterogeneities using local GPS network[J].Chin.J.Geophys.,2002,47(6):941-948. In Chinese(朱文耀,章红平,黄珹.利用GPS监测电离层不均匀结构探讨[J].地球物理学报,2002,47(6):941-948)
[5]Mao Tian,Wan Weixing,Sun Lingfeng.Central and northern china TEC map using the Kriging method[J]. Chin.J.Space Sci.,2007,27(4):279-285.In Chinese (毛田,万卫星,孙凌峰.用Kriging方法构建中纬度区域电离层TEC地图[J].空间科学学报,2007,27(4):279-285)
[6]Austen J R,Franke S J,Liu C H,et al.Application of computerized tomography technique to Ionospheric research [R]//Tauriainen A ed.Proceedings of URSI and COSPAR International Beacon Satellite Symposium on Radio Beacon Contribution to the Study of Ionization and Dynamics of the Ionosphere and to Corrections to Geodesy and Technical Workshop,Part I.Oulu,Finland, 1986.25-35
[7]Xu Jisheng,Zou Yuhua.Reconstruction formula of timedependent 3D computerized ionospheric tomography[J]. Chin.J.Geophys.,2003,46(4):438-445 In Chinese(徐继生,邹玉华.时变三维电离层层析成像重建公式[.J].地球物理学报,2003.46(4):438-445)
[8]Jin Shuanggen,Zhu Wenyao.Mapping 3D ionospheric profiles using ground-based GPS measurements[J].J. Geod.Geodyn.,2007,27(5):49-53.In Chinese(金双根,朱文耀.用地基GPS观测资料映射三维电离层剖面[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2007,27(5):49-53)
[9]Liu J Y,Chuo Y J,Shan S J,et al.Pre-carthquake ionospheric anomalies registered by continuous GPS TEC measurements[J].Rec.Dev.World Seism.,2005,11:63- 70.In Chinese(Liu J Y,Chuo Y J,Shan S J,et al.借助连续的GPS TEC测量记录到的地震前电离层异常[J].国际地震动态,2005,11:63-70)
[10]Tian Yantao,Wang Xiaoya,Huang Cheng.Real-time precise monitoring TEC based on ground GPS network[J]. Astron.Res.Tech.,2008,5(1):25-29.In Chinese(田言涛,王小亚,黄珹.利用地基GPS网高精度实时监测电离层TEC[J].天文研究与技术,2008,5(1):25-29)
[11]Li Qiang,Feng Man,Zhang Donghe,et al.Methods of estimation of GPS instrumental bias from single site's GPS data and comparative study of results[J].Acta Scient. Natur.Univ.Pekin.,2008,44(1):149-156.In Chinese(李??强,冯曼,张东和,等.基于单站GPS数据的GPS系统硬件延迟估算方法及结果比较[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2008, 44(1):149-156)
[12]Xia Chunliang,Wan Weixing,Yuan Hong,et al.An analysis of the ionospheric disturbances during a magnetic storm observed with a GPS network[J].Chin.J.Space Sci.,2004,24(5):326-332.In Chinese(夏淳亮,万卫星,袁洪,等.磁暴期间电离层扰动的GPS台网观测分析[J].空间科学学报,2004,24(5):326-332)
[13]Ruffini G,Florcs A,Rius A.GPS tomography of the ionospheric electron content with a correlation functional[J]. IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sensing,1998,36(1):143- 153
[14]Wall M E,Dyck P A,Brettin T S.SVDMAN Singular value decomposition analysis of microarray data[J]. Bioinformatics,2001,17:566-568
[15]Gordon R,Bender R,Herman G T.Algebraic reconstruction techniques(ART) for three dimensional electron microscopy and X ray photography[J].J.Theor.Biol.,1970, 29:471-481
[16]Raymund T D,Austen J R,Franke S J,et al.Application of computerized tomography to the investigation of Ionospheric structures[J].Radio Sci.,1990,25:771-789
[17]Zhang Qiang,Wu Yun,Lin Jian,et al.On ionospheric TEC anomaly before earthquake.J.Geod.Geodyn., 2007,27(3):91-96.In Chinese(张强,吴云,林剑,等震前电离层TEC异常分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学.2007, 27(3):91-96)
[18]Garcia R,Crespon F,Ducic V,Lognonnc P.Three-dimensional ionospheric tomography of post-seismic perturbations produced by the Denali earthquake from GPS data.Geophys.J.Int.,2005,163:1049-1064
[19]Zhao Biqiang,Wan Weixing,Wang Min,et al.Recent advances on the ionospheric pre-cursors of eartquakes and ionospheric variations prior to Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Sci.Tech.Rev,2008,26(11):30-34.In Chinese(赵必强,万卫星,王敏,等.震前电离层扰动研究进展及汶川地震前电离层变化[J].科学导报,2008,26(11):30-34)
[20]Zhu Fuying,Wu Yun,Lin Jian,et al.Study on ionospheric TEC anomaly prior to Wenchuan ms 8.0 earthquake [J].J.Geod.Geodyn.,2008,28(6):16-21.In Chinese (祝芙英,吴云,林剑,等汶川Ms8.0地震前电离层TEC异常分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(6):16-21)
[21]Yu Tao,Mao Tian,Wang Yungang,et al.Study of the ionospheric anomaly before the Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Chin.Sci.Bull.,2009,54(4):493-499.In Chinese(余涛,毛田,王云冈,等.汶川特大地震前电离层主要参量变化[J].科学通报,2009,54(4):493-499)
[22]Cao Bingxia,Xue Jinghong,Qiao Xiaolin.Research progress on detection technology of seism-ionospheric disturbances [J].Progr.Geophys.,2009,24(1):51-57.In Chinese (曹丙霞,薛敬宏,乔晓林.地震-电离层扰动探测技术的研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):51-57)
[2]Feltens J.The international GPS service(IGS) ionosphere working(IGS) group 2003,31(3):635-644
[3]Yuan Yunbin,Ou Jikun.Study on the new methods of correcting ionospheric delay and ionospheric model using GPS data[J].J.Grad.School Chin.Acad.Sci.,2002, 19(2):209-214 In Chinese(袁运斌,欧吉坤.基于GPS数据的电离层模型和电离层延迟改正新方法研究[J].中国科学院研究生院学报.2002,19(2):209-214)
[4]Zhu Wenyao,Zhang Hongping,Huang Cheng.Monitoring of small-scale ionospheric heterogeneities using local GPS network[J].Chin.J.Geophys.,2002,47(6):941-948. In Chinese(朱文耀,章红平,黄珹.利用GPS监测电离层不均匀结构探讨[J].地球物理学报,2002,47(6):941-948)
[5]Mao Tian,Wan Weixing,Sun Lingfeng.Central and northern china TEC map using the Kriging method[J]. Chin.J.Space Sci.,2007,27(4):279-285.In Chinese (毛田,万卫星,孙凌峰.用Kriging方法构建中纬度区域电离层TEC地图[J].空间科学学报,2007,27(4):279-285)
[6]Austen J R,Franke S J,Liu C H,et al.Application of computerized tomography technique to Ionospheric research [R]//Tauriainen A ed.Proceedings of URSI and COSPAR International Beacon Satellite Symposium on Radio Beacon Contribution to the Study of Ionization and Dynamics of the Ionosphere and to Corrections to Geodesy and Technical Workshop,Part I.Oulu,Finland, 1986.25-35
[7]Xu Jisheng,Zou Yuhua.Reconstruction formula of timedependent 3D computerized ionospheric tomography[J]. Chin.J.Geophys.,2003,46(4):438-445 In Chinese(徐继生,邹玉华.时变三维电离层层析成像重建公式[.J].地球物理学报,2003.46(4):438-445)
[8]Jin Shuanggen,Zhu Wenyao.Mapping 3D ionospheric profiles using ground-based GPS measurements[J].J. Geod.Geodyn.,2007,27(5):49-53.In Chinese(金双根,朱文耀.用地基GPS观测资料映射三维电离层剖面[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2007,27(5):49-53)
[9]Liu J Y,Chuo Y J,Shan S J,et al.Pre-carthquake ionospheric anomalies registered by continuous GPS TEC measurements[J].Rec.Dev.World Seism.,2005,11:63- 70.In Chinese(Liu J Y,Chuo Y J,Shan S J,et al.借助连续的GPS TEC测量记录到的地震前电离层异常[J].国际地震动态,2005,11:63-70)
[10]Tian Yantao,Wang Xiaoya,Huang Cheng.Real-time precise monitoring TEC based on ground GPS network[J]. Astron.Res.Tech.,2008,5(1):25-29.In Chinese(田言涛,王小亚,黄珹.利用地基GPS网高精度实时监测电离层TEC[J].天文研究与技术,2008,5(1):25-29)
[11]Li Qiang,Feng Man,Zhang Donghe,et al.Methods of estimation of GPS instrumental bias from single site's GPS data and comparative study of results[J].Acta Scient. Natur.Univ.Pekin.,2008,44(1):149-156.In Chinese(李??强,冯曼,张东和,等.基于单站GPS数据的GPS系统硬件延迟估算方法及结果比较[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2008, 44(1):149-156)
[12]Xia Chunliang,Wan Weixing,Yuan Hong,et al.An analysis of the ionospheric disturbances during a magnetic storm observed with a GPS network[J].Chin.J.Space Sci.,2004,24(5):326-332.In Chinese(夏淳亮,万卫星,袁洪,等.磁暴期间电离层扰动的GPS台网观测分析[J].空间科学学报,2004,24(5):326-332)
[13]Ruffini G,Florcs A,Rius A.GPS tomography of the ionospheric electron content with a correlation functional[J]. IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sensing,1998,36(1):143- 153
[14]Wall M E,Dyck P A,Brettin T S.SVDMAN Singular value decomposition analysis of microarray data[J]. Bioinformatics,2001,17:566-568
[15]Gordon R,Bender R,Herman G T.Algebraic reconstruction techniques(ART) for three dimensional electron microscopy and X ray photography[J].J.Theor.Biol.,1970, 29:471-481
[16]Raymund T D,Austen J R,Franke S J,et al.Application of computerized tomography to the investigation of Ionospheric structures[J].Radio Sci.,1990,25:771-789
[17]Zhang Qiang,Wu Yun,Lin Jian,et al.On ionospheric TEC anomaly before earthquake.J.Geod.Geodyn., 2007,27(3):91-96.In Chinese(张强,吴云,林剑,等震前电离层TEC异常分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学.2007, 27(3):91-96)
[18]Garcia R,Crespon F,Ducic V,Lognonnc P.Three-dimensional ionospheric tomography of post-seismic perturbations produced by the Denali earthquake from GPS data.Geophys.J.Int.,2005,163:1049-1064
[19]Zhao Biqiang,Wan Weixing,Wang Min,et al.Recent advances on the ionospheric pre-cursors of eartquakes and ionospheric variations prior to Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Sci.Tech.Rev,2008,26(11):30-34.In Chinese(赵必强,万卫星,王敏,等.震前电离层扰动研究进展及汶川地震前电离层变化[J].科学导报,2008,26(11):30-34)
[20]Zhu Fuying,Wu Yun,Lin Jian,et al.Study on ionospheric TEC anomaly prior to Wenchuan ms 8.0 earthquake [J].J.Geod.Geodyn.,2008,28(6):16-21.In Chinese (祝芙英,吴云,林剑,等汶川Ms8.0地震前电离层TEC异常分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(6):16-21)
[21]Yu Tao,Mao Tian,Wang Yungang,et al.Study of the ionospheric anomaly before the Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Chin.Sci.Bull.,2009,54(4):493-499.In Chinese(余涛,毛田,王云冈,等.汶川特大地震前电离层主要参量变化[J].科学通报,2009,54(4):493-499)
[22]Cao Bingxia,Xue Jinghong,Qiao Xiaolin.Research progress on detection technology of seism-ionospheric disturbances [J].Progr.Geophys.,2009,24(1):51-57.In Chinese (曹丙霞,薛敬宏,乔晓林.地震-电离层扰动探测技术的研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):51-57)
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