大型桥梁健康监测研究进展
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摘要
回顾桥梁健康监测的发展历程。介绍桥梁健康监测系统的组成、监测内容功能及特点。对信号分析与处理的传统谱分析方法与小波变换、希尔波特黄变换(Hilbert Huang)进行比较。介绍最新的信号时频分析方法希尔波特黄变换的具体算法,及其在结构参数识别、损伤识别、消除实测南京长江大桥应变信号中的对讲机干扰等方面的具体应用。对动力指纹分析法、模型修正与系统识别法、神经网络法、遗传算法5种损伤检测方法的基本原理、特点及发展动态进行概述和总结,指出神经网络技术结合遗传算法是结构损伤检测的发展方向之一。
The development history of health monitoring for bridges are briefly reviewed. The components, monitoring contents, functions and characteristics of the health monitoring system for bridges are introduced. Traditional spectrum analysis methods of signal and processing used in health monitoring are compared with wavelet transform and Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). Their characteristics and scopes of application are concluded respectively. In addition, HHT as being the most innovative technique of time-frequency analysis, its specific algorithm and application to identify structural parameters and damage, and to eliminate local strong disturbance from measured strain signals of the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge with the disturbance of interphone are also introduced. Finally, the fundamental theories, characteristics and development trends for 5 methods (namely, dynamic fingerprint analysis method, model modification method, system identification method, neural network method and genetic algorithm method) of structural damage detection are concluded. It is pointed out that neural network and genetic algorithm combined is one of the approaches to structural damage detection.
The development history of health monitoring for bridges are briefly reviewed. The components, monitoring contents, functions and characteristics of the health monitoring system for bridges are introduced. Traditional spectrum analysis methods of signal and processing used in health monitoring are compared with wavelet transform and Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). Their characteristics and scopes of application are concluded respectively. In addition, HHT as being the most innovative technique of time-frequency analysis, its specific algorithm and application to identify structural parameters and damage, and to eliminate local strong disturbance from measured strain signals of the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge with the disturbance of interphone are also introduced. Finally, the fundamental theories, characteristics and development trends for 5 methods (namely, dynamic fingerprint analysis method, model modification method, system identification method, neural network method and genetic algorithm method) of structural damage detection are concluded. It is pointed out that neural network and genetic algorithm combined is one of the approaches to structural damage detection.
引文
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[30] KosmatkaJB,RiclesJM.DamageDetectioninStructuresbyModalVibrationCharacterization[J].JournalofStructuralEngineering,1999,125(12):1384—1392.
[31] 黄方林,顾松年.用残余能量法诊断结构故障[J].机械强度,1996,18(4):5—8.
[32] 董 聪,丁 辉,高 嵩.结构损伤识别和定位的基本原理与方法[J].中国铁道科学,1999,20(3):89—94.
[33] 韩大建,谢 峻.大跨度桥梁健康监测技术的近期研究进展[J].桥梁建设,2002,6:69—73.
[34] 张启伟,袁万城,范立础.大型桥梁结构安全监测的研究现状与发展[J].同济大学学报,1997,25(增刊):76—81.
[35] 袁万城,崔 飞,张启伟.桥梁健康监测与状态评估的研究现状与发展[J].同济大学学报,1999,27(2):184—188.
[36] 崔 飞,杨党旗,高 岩.梁体结构损伤识别的样条函数方法[J].中国铁道科学,2003,24(5):52—55.
[37] 陈 伟,瞿伟廉,姜正国.人工神经网络技术在结构损伤诊断中的应用[J].世界地震工程,2002,18(1):146—149.
[38] 吴大宏,赵人达.基于遗传算法与神经网络的桥梁结构健康监测系统研究初探[J].四川建筑科学研究,2002,28(3):4—6.
[39] HollandJH.AdaptationinNaturalandArtificialSystems[M].AnnArbor:TheUniversityofMichiganPress,1975.
[40] 易伟建,刘 霞.基于遗传算法的结构损伤诊断研究[J].工程力学,2001,18(2):64—71.
[41] 武广号,文 毅,乐美峰.遗传算法及其应用[J].应用力学学报,1996,13(2):93—97.
[2] 孙鸿敏,李宏男.土木工程结构健康监测研究进展[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2003,22(3):92—98.
[3] 陈保平,苏木标,樊可清.大型桥梁健康监测远程数据采集系统设计[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2001,14(4):14—17.
[4] 李宏男,李东升.土木工程结构安全性评估、健康监测及诊断评述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(3):82—89.
[5] 邬晓光,徐祖恩.大型桥梁健康监测动态及发展趋势[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2003,23(1):39—42.
[6] ChuengMS,TadrosGS,BrownTG,etal.FieldMonitoringandResearchonPerformanceofTheConfederationBridge[J].CanadianJournalofCivilEngineering,1997,24(6):951—962.
[7] AndersenEY.StructuralMonitoringoftheGreatBeltEastBridge[A].ProceedingsoftheThirdSymposiumonStraitCrossing[C].Rotterdam:Balkema,1994:54—62.
[8] MyrollF,DibiagioE.InstrumentationforMonitoringtheSkarnsunderCable stayedBridge[A].ProceedingsoftheThirdSymposiumonStraitCrossing[C].Rotterdam:Balkema,1994:207—215.
[9] CurranP,TillyG.DesignandMonitoringoftheFlintshireBridge[J].StructuralEngineeringInternational,1999,9(3):225—228.
[10] 何旭辉.南京长江大桥结构健康监测及其关键技术研究[D].长沙:中南大学土建学院,2004.
[11] 何旭辉,陈政清,黄方林,等.南京长江大桥安全监测和状态评估的初步研究[J].振动与冲击,2003,22(1):75—79.
[12] 曾储惠.南京长江大桥健康监测和状态评估的研究[D].长沙:中南大学土木建筑学院,2004.
[13] HUANGFang lin,CHENZheng qing,HEXu hui,etal.HealthMonitoringforNanjingYangtzeRiverBridge[A].LIZhongxian.Proceedingsofthe7thInternationalSymposiumonStructuralEngineeringforYoungExperts[C].Tianjin:RUJiping,2002:518—524.
[14] 谭为民,彭东林,郭小渝.三种典型信号处理方法浅析[J].测控技术,2003,22(6):15—22.
[15] 杨家兴,周舜云.信号分析与处理的几种新方法[J].信息工程学院学报,1995,14(3):1—9.
[16] MarkWD.SpectralAnalysisofTheConvolutionandFilteringofNon stationaryStochasticProcess[J].SoundVib,1970,11(1):19—63.
[17] 刘贵忠,邸双亮.小波分析及其应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1992.
[18] 陈长征,罗跃纲,张 省,等.基于小波分析的机械故障特征提取研究[J].机械强度,2001,23(2):161—164.
[19] 向 阳,蔡悦斌.小波分析在信号奇异性检测及瞬态信号检测中的应用[J].振动与冲击,1997,16(4):23—30.
[20] NordenE,HUANGZheng shen,StevenRLong,etal.TheEmpiricalModeDecompositionandTheHilbertSpectrumforNonlinearandNon stationaryTimeSeriesAnalysis[J].ProcRoyalSocietyofLondonSeries,1998,454:903—995.
[21] MontesinosME,Mu oz CoboJL,P啨rezC.Hilbert HuanganalysisofBWRNeutronDetectorSignals:ApplicationtoDRCalculationandtoCorruptedSignalAnalysis[J].AnnalsofNuclearEnergy,2003,30:715—727.
[22] 丁 康,陈健林,苏向荣.平稳和非平稳振动信号的若干处理方法及发展[J].振动工程学报,2003,16(1):1—10.
[23] JannNYang,MemberASCE,SilianLin,etal.DamageIdentificationofStructuresUsingHilbert HuangSpectralanalysis[A].AndrewSmythProceedingsof15thASCEEngineeringMechanicsConference[C]NewYork,ASCEpub,2002:70—77.
[24] 潘新颖,蒋济同.单自由度结构系统损伤诊断的EMD法[J].青岛建筑工程学院学报,2002,23(1):7—11.
[25] 王学敏,黄方林,陈政清.EMD方法在消除桥梁振动信号局部强干扰中的应用[J].机械强度,2005,27(1):33—37.
[26] HousnerGW,BergmanLA,CaugheyTK,etal.StructuralControl:Past,Present,andFuture[J].JournalofEngineeringMechanics,1997,123(9):897—971.
[27] CawleyP,AdamsRD.TheLocationofDefectsinStructuresFromMeasurementsofNaturalFrequencies[J].JournalofStrainAnalysis,1979,14:49—57.
[28] MessinaA,WilliamsEJ,ContursiT.StructuralDamageDetectionbyaSensitivityandStatistical basedMethod[J].JournalofSoundandVibration,1998,216(5):791—808.
[29] RaghavendracharM,AktanAE.FlexibilitybyMultireferenceImpactTestingforBridgeDiagnostics[J].JournalofStructuralEngineering,1992,118(8):2186—2203.
[30] KosmatkaJB,RiclesJM.DamageDetectioninStructuresbyModalVibrationCharacterization[J].JournalofStructuralEngineering,1999,125(12):1384—1392.
[31] 黄方林,顾松年.用残余能量法诊断结构故障[J].机械强度,1996,18(4):5—8.
[32] 董 聪,丁 辉,高 嵩.结构损伤识别和定位的基本原理与方法[J].中国铁道科学,1999,20(3):89—94.
[33] 韩大建,谢 峻.大跨度桥梁健康监测技术的近期研究进展[J].桥梁建设,2002,6:69—73.
[34] 张启伟,袁万城,范立础.大型桥梁结构安全监测的研究现状与发展[J].同济大学学报,1997,25(增刊):76—81.
[35] 袁万城,崔 飞,张启伟.桥梁健康监测与状态评估的研究现状与发展[J].同济大学学报,1999,27(2):184—188.
[36] 崔 飞,杨党旗,高 岩.梁体结构损伤识别的样条函数方法[J].中国铁道科学,2003,24(5):52—55.
[37] 陈 伟,瞿伟廉,姜正国.人工神经网络技术在结构损伤诊断中的应用[J].世界地震工程,2002,18(1):146—149.
[38] 吴大宏,赵人达.基于遗传算法与神经网络的桥梁结构健康监测系统研究初探[J].四川建筑科学研究,2002,28(3):4—6.
[39] HollandJH.AdaptationinNaturalandArtificialSystems[M].AnnArbor:TheUniversityofMichiganPress,1975.
[40] 易伟建,刘 霞.基于遗传算法的结构损伤诊断研究[J].工程力学,2001,18(2):64—71.
[41] 武广号,文 毅,乐美峰.遗传算法及其应用[J].应用力学学报,1996,13(2):93—97.
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