磁浮列车底盘梁的有限元优化减重设计
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摘要
为在已有型号基础上获得更轻型有效的底盘梁结构而保持相对稳定的动力特性,首先利用ANSYS软件建立磁浮列车车体结构的有限元模型,利用BlockLanczosMethod进行模态求解并得到结构一阶弹性固有频率。然后以结构一阶弹性固有频率值为约束函数,以车厢底盘梁8个截面上17个主要厚度参数为设计变量,以底盘梁总体积为目标函数,建立磁浮列车底盘梁减重优化的数学模型并进行计算。结果表明,磁浮列车一阶弹性固有模态为前后扭转的振型,在满足模态频率值不小于8.0Hz的设计要求下,底盘梁减重20%的设计目标可以达到。说明以一阶弹性固有模态频率值为约束函数的优化方案可行且效果良好。
In order to redesign the beam sections in chassis for reducing weight, a half model of the loco structure of a maglev was built based on ansys9.0. The first natural frequency of the loco was got after the half model being computed twice separately with symmetrical and asymmetrical boundary constraint conditions. Taking the first natural frequency as constraint function, 17 thicknesses in 8 sections of beams in chassis as design variables, the volume of all beams in chassis as objective function, an optimal model aimed at reducing the weight of the chassis was built and calculated. The result shows that the first natural mode of the loco structure is a torsion mode. The variety of the design variables is not sensitive to this mode and the optimal method which lets the first natural frequency as constraint function is reasonable. In meeting the design requirement which claims the first natural frequency should be bigger than 8.0Hz, the design goal which claims the objective function should depress 20%, can be reached.
In order to redesign the beam sections in chassis for reducing weight, a half model of the loco structure of a maglev was built based on ansys9.0. The first natural frequency of the loco was got after the half model being computed twice separately with symmetrical and asymmetrical boundary constraint conditions. Taking the first natural frequency as constraint function, 17 thicknesses in 8 sections of beams in chassis as design variables, the volume of all beams in chassis as objective function, an optimal model aimed at reducing the weight of the chassis was built and calculated. The result shows that the first natural mode of the loco structure is a torsion mode. The variety of the design variables is not sensitive to this mode and the optimal method which lets the first natural frequency as constraint function is reasonable. In meeting the design requirement which claims the first natural frequency should be bigger than 8.0Hz, the design goal which claims the objective function should depress 20%, can be reached.
引文
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[4]张焱焱.细纱机机架动态特性的有限元分析[J].现代机械,2007(1):63-64.
[5]王勖成.有限单元法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:468-518.
[6]楼梦麟.结构振动模态分析的Wilson—Ritz向量法[J],地震工程与工程振动.1992,12(4):40-47.
[7]李敏堂,于战果,王贵景,等.某新型器材配送车内部结构优化设计分析[J].车辆与动力技术,2006(4):27-31.
[8]姜晋庆,张铎.结构弹塑性有限元分析法[M].北京:宇航出版社,1990:42-43.
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