地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带的物理模型试验研究
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摘要
根据西安地裂缝的分布特征与活动方式,结合西安地铁2号线的走向,建立地质模型,通过物理模型试验来研究地裂缝对地铁隧道的影响。由试验结果可知:地裂缝环境下隧道结构的受力、变形模式相当于一悬臂式弹性地基梁,处于拉、压的受力状态,受拉变形区主要在固定盘距裂缝20～80 cm范围内的衬砌顶部,受压区则主要分布在下降盘距裂缝20 cm至固定盘距裂缝80 cm范围内的衬砌底部;地裂缝的活动增加了下降盘内隧道顶部的竖向围岩压力,同时减小了该范围内衬砌底部的竖向围岩压力;地裂缝环境下隧道衬砌的破坏模式以环向开裂为主,次生裂缝的发展则受张剪区的控制,主要形成阶梯形、"y"形的贯通裂缝。在试验分析的基础上,提出地铁隧道穿越地裂带时的设防范围及设防位置。
According to the distribution and movement of Xi′an ground fissure,combining the trend of metro tunnel No.2 in Xi′an,a geological model has been built,and then the effects of the ground fissure on the metro tunnel have been studied.The experimental results show that the tunnel is in tension and compression states,and behaviors as a cantilever elastic foundation beam under the environment of ground fissure.The tensile parts mainly distribute in the range between 20 and 80 cm away from the fissure in fixed block,and the compressive parts distribute between 20 cm away from the fissure in declined block and 80 cm away from the fissure in fixed block.At the same time,the movement of the ground fissure greatly increases the vertical pressure of surrounding rock at the top of tunnel and reduces the vertical pressure of surrounding rock under the bottom of tunnel in the decline block.Under the environment of ground fissure,the failure mode is mainly circumferential crack;the secondary fissures are controlled by tension-shear areas,and step and y-shaped fissures are mainly induced.Based on the experimental results,the section and position where countermeasures should be taken are put forward when the metro tunnels cross the ground fissure region.
According to the distribution and movement of Xi′an ground fissure,combining the trend of metro tunnel No.2 in Xi′an,a geological model has been built,and then the effects of the ground fissure on the metro tunnel have been studied.The experimental results show that the tunnel is in tension and compression states,and behaviors as a cantilever elastic foundation beam under the environment of ground fissure.The tensile parts mainly distribute in the range between 20 and 80 cm away from the fissure in fixed block,and the compressive parts distribute between 20 cm away from the fissure in declined block and 80 cm away from the fissure in fixed block.At the same time,the movement of the ground fissure greatly increases the vertical pressure of surrounding rock at the top of tunnel and reduces the vertical pressure of surrounding rock under the bottom of tunnel in the decline block.Under the environment of ground fissure,the failure mode is mainly circumferential crack;the secondary fissures are controlled by tension-shear areas,and step and y-shaped fissures are mainly induced.Based on the experimental results,the section and position where countermeasures should be taken are put forward when the metro tunnels cross the ground fissure region.
引文
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[16]王六桥,李善因.地下水位变化引起地面形变的可能机制[J].地震学报,1984,6(2):203-210.(WANG Liuqiao,LI Shanyin.Possible mechanism of ground surface deformation caused by groundwater level changes[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1984,6(2):203-210.(in Chinese))
[17]赵其华,王兰生.构造重力扩展机制的地质力学模拟研究[J].工程地质学报,1995,3(1):21-27.(ZHAO Qihua,WANG Lansheng.Study on geomechanical simulation of tectonic gravity spreading mechanism[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1995,3(1):21-27.(in Chinese))
[18]王景明,常丕兴.汾渭地裂缝与现代地震活动[J].地震学报,1989,11(1):57-67.(WANG Jingming,CHANG Pixing.The Fenwei ground-fissure and modern seismic activity[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1989,11(1):57-67.(in Chinese))
[19]刘国昌.西安的地裂缝[J].西安地质学院院报,1986,(4):9-22.(LIU Guochang.Ground fissure of Xi′an[J].Journal of Xi′an Geology College,1986,(4):9-22.(in Chinese))
[20]PENG J B,LI X A,SUN P.Ground fissure:the major geological and environmental problem in the development of Xi′an City,China[C]//STARRETT S K,HONG J H,LYON W G ed.Environmental Science and Technology(Vol.2).Houston,USA:American Science Press,2006:469-474.
[2]伍法权,王学潮,国连杰,等.南水北调西线一期工程区断层活动性及其对工程的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(8):1 370-1 374.(WU Faquan,WANG Xuechao,GUO Lianjie,et al.Fault activity and its effect on the West Line of South-to-North Water Transfer Project of China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(8):1 370-1 374.(in Chinese))
[3]黄生文,司铁汉,陈文胜,等.断层对大跨度隧道围岩应力影响的有限元分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,20062,5(增2):3 788-3 793.(HUANG Shengwen,SI Tiehan,CHEN Wensheng,et al.Finite element analyses of influence of fault on large-span tunnel surrounding rock stress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.2):3 788-3 793.(in Chinese))
[4]张东升,张吉雄,徐金海.预掘巷过断层及其矸石井下处理技术[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):178-182.(ZHANG Dongsheng,ZHANG Jixiong,XU Jinhai.Pre-driven roadway in fault and underground disposal of associated waste[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2004,33(2):178-182.(in Chinese))
[5]师亚芹.跨西安地裂缝建设一般建筑物的可能性探讨[J].灾害学,2001,16(2):76-81.(SHI Yaqin.Discussion on possibility to construct ordinary buildings across ground fissures in Xi′an[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2001,16(2):76-81.(in Chinese))
[6]吴嘉毅,廖燕鸿.西安地裂缝的工程性质[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1990.(WU Jiayi,LIAO Yanhong.Engineering characters of Xi′an ground fissure[M].Xi′an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press,1990.(in Chinese))
[7]王景明,谢广林.地裂缝及其灾害的理论与应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2000.(WANG Jingming,XIE Guanglin.Theory of ground fissures hazards and its application[M].Xi′an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[8]张家明.西安地裂缝研究[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1990.(ZHANG Jiaming.Research on ground fissures in the region of Xi′an[M].Xi′an:Northwest University Press,1990.(in Chinese))
[9]李永善,耿大玉,林继华,等.西安地裂及渭河盆地活断层研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.(LI Yongshan,GENG Dayu,LIN Jihua,et al.Research on ground fissures in Xi′an region and active faults in Weihe Basin[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1992.(in Chinese))
[10]彭建兵,马润勇,卢全中,等.青藏高原隆升的地质灾害效应[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(3):457-466.(PENG Jianbing,MA Runyong,LU Quanzhong,et al.Geological hazards effects of uplift of Qinghai—Tibet Plateau[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2004,19(3):457-466.(in Chinese))
[11]彭建兵,范文,李喜安,等.汾渭盆地地裂缝成因研究中的若干关键问题[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(4):433-440.(PENG Jianbing,FAN Wen,LI Xi′an,et al.Some key issues in the formation of ground fissures in the Fenwei Basin[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(4):433-440.(in Chinese))
[12]武强,陈佩佩.地裂缝灾害研究现状与展望[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2003,14(1):22-27.(WU Qiang,CHEN Peipei.Research on state of art and prospect of ground fissures[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2003,14(1):22-27.(in Chinese))
[13]陈志新,袁志辉,彭建兵,等.渭河盆地地裂缝发育基本特征[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(4):441-447.(CHEN Zhixin,YUAN Zhihui,PENG Jianbing,et al.Basic characteristics about ground fractures′development of Weihe Basin[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(4):441-447.(in Chinese))
[14]李新生,王静,王万平,等.西安地铁2号线沿线地裂缝特征、危害及对策[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(4):463-468.(LI Xinsheng,WANG Jing,WANG Wanping,et al.Ground fissures along Xi′an subway No.2:characteristics,harms and measures[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(4):463-468.(in Chinese))
[15]易学发.西安市地面不均匀沉降及地裂缝成因的讨论[J].地震,1984,(6):50-54.(YI Xuefa.Research on the asymmetry ground substance and the cause of ground fissure in Xi′an[J].Earthquake,1984,(6):50-54.(in Chinese))
[16]王六桥,李善因.地下水位变化引起地面形变的可能机制[J].地震学报,1984,6(2):203-210.(WANG Liuqiao,LI Shanyin.Possible mechanism of ground surface deformation caused by groundwater level changes[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1984,6(2):203-210.(in Chinese))
[17]赵其华,王兰生.构造重力扩展机制的地质力学模拟研究[J].工程地质学报,1995,3(1):21-27.(ZHAO Qihua,WANG Lansheng.Study on geomechanical simulation of tectonic gravity spreading mechanism[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1995,3(1):21-27.(in Chinese))
[18]王景明,常丕兴.汾渭地裂缝与现代地震活动[J].地震学报,1989,11(1):57-67.(WANG Jingming,CHANG Pixing.The Fenwei ground-fissure and modern seismic activity[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1989,11(1):57-67.(in Chinese))
[19]刘国昌.西安的地裂缝[J].西安地质学院院报,1986,(4):9-22.(LIU Guochang.Ground fissure of Xi′an[J].Journal of Xi′an Geology College,1986,(4):9-22.(in Chinese))
[20]PENG J B,LI X A,SUN P.Ground fissure:the major geological and environmental problem in the development of Xi′an City,China[C]//STARRETT S K,HONG J H,LYON W G ed.Environmental Science and Technology(Vol.2).Houston,USA:American Science Press,2006:469-474.
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