面向应急疏散的山区公路交通节点连通性研究
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摘要
为了探讨灾害事件导致山区干线公路或重要路段处于中断状态下的交通节点间剩余路径应急疏散能力,提出了疏散连通度的概念,考虑到局域路网中交通节点间路段重要程度不同而赋予其权重,对路段的疏散连通度计算值予以修正,进而量化分析山区路网交通节点的应急疏散能力大小。最后,通过算例阐述了疏散连通度的计算过程,并针对山区路网特征,提出改善山区路网连通性的措施。结果表明:计算并比对山区路网中各路段疏散连通度修正值的大小,即可找出山区干线公路连通性薄弱的路段,对其进行改善,能有效提高山区路网灾害事件下的应急疏散能力,可为山区路网防灾规划提供依据。
In order to analyze emergency evacuation capacity of residual pathways between traffic nodes in local road network when mountainous arterial highways or key roads are blocked by disastrous events,a concept of connectivity reliability of emergency evacuation(CREE) was defined.Considering different importances of the edges between adjacent traffic nodes,edge weights were assigned in local road network.The edge weight was used to adjust values of CREE,so as to quantitatively analyze emergency evacuation capacity of traffic nodes in local mountainous road network.Finally,calculated process of CREE was illustrated through numerical example.According to characteristic of mountainous road network,the measures of improving connectivity reliability of the network were proposed.Results show that some weak links of mountainous road for connectivity are found by calculating and comparing the modified values of CREE to the edges of mountainous road network,and then the links are remedied appropriately,so as to efficiently improve emergency evacuation capacity of mountainous road network under calamity events.It will provide decision support for mountainous road network planning in disaster prevention and reduction.
In order to analyze emergency evacuation capacity of residual pathways between traffic nodes in local road network when mountainous arterial highways or key roads are blocked by disastrous events,a concept of connectivity reliability of emergency evacuation(CREE) was defined.Considering different importances of the edges between adjacent traffic nodes,edge weights were assigned in local road network.The edge weight was used to adjust values of CREE,so as to quantitatively analyze emergency evacuation capacity of traffic nodes in local mountainous road network.Finally,calculated process of CREE was illustrated through numerical example.According to characteristic of mountainous road network,the measures of improving connectivity reliability of the network were proposed.Results show that some weak links of mountainous road for connectivity are found by calculating and comparing the modified values of CREE to the edges of mountainous road network,and then the links are remedied appropriately,so as to efficiently improve emergency evacuation capacity of mountainous road network under calamity events.It will provide decision support for mountainous road network planning in disaster prevention and reduction.
引文
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[3]HANS J M,SELL T C.Evacuation Risk-an Evalu-ation[R].Washington DC:US Environmental Protec-tion Agency,1974.
[4]MINE H,KAWAI H.Mathematics for ReliabilityAnalysis[M].Tokyo:Asakura-shoten,1982.
[5]袁建平,方正,卢兆明,等.城市灾时大范围人员应急疏散探讨[J].自然灾害学报,2005,14(6):116-119.YUAN Jian-ping,FANG Zheng,LU Zhao-ming,et al.Large-scale Evacuation of People from Urban Disaster[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2005,14(6):116-119.
[6]王云鹏,赵韩涛,李世武,等.基于共用信息平台技术的高速公路紧急救援系统研究[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(3):118-121.WANG Yun-peng,ZHAO Han-tao,LI Shi-wu,et al.Research on the Expressway Emergency Aid SystemBased on Common Information Platform Technology[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Researchand Development,2007,24(3):118-121.
[7]刘勇,项莉,谢军,等.城市路网可靠性计算方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2007,7(3):95-99.LIU Yong,XIANG Li,XIE Jun,et al.ReliabilityComputation Method of Urban Road Network[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2007,7(3):95-99.
[8]裴玉龙,杨佩昆,杨涛.公路网规划[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.PEI Yu-long,YANG Pei-kun,YANG Tao.HighwayNetwork Planning[M].Beijing:China Communica-tions Press,2004.
[9]张曙红,陈绵云,宋业新,等.网络可靠性的模糊随机分析[J].华中理工大学学报,2000,28(10):83-84,87.ZHANG Shu-hong,CHEN Mian-yun,SONG Ye-xin,et al.Fuzzy Random Analysis of the Reliability ofNetwork[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Sci-ence&Technology,2000,28(10):83-84,87.
[10]秦霞,顾政华,李旭宏.区域公路网布局规划方案的连通度评价指标研究[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(1):112-116.QIN Xia,GU Zheng-hua,LI Xu-hong.Research onEvaluative Index of Connectivity for Regional RoadNetwork Layout Planning Project[J].China Civil En-gineering Journal,2006,39(1):112-116.
[11]卢开澄,卢华明.图论及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1995.LU Kai-cheng,LU Hua-ming.Graph Theory withApplications[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1995.
[12]姜淑珍,李倩,柳春光.泰安市交通系统抗震可靠性分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(6):189-193.JIANG Shu-zhen,LI Qian,LIU Chun-guang.Reliabil-ity Analysis of Transportation System in Taian City[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibra-tion,2005,25(6):189-193.
[13]高社生,张玲霞.可靠性理论与工程应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002.GAO She-sheng,ZHANG Ling-xia.Reliability The-ory and Engineering Application[M].Beijing:Na-tional Defense Industry Press,2002.
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